结论:使用全基因组关联研究鉴定了一百五十五个谷子中微量元素浓度的QTL,并检测到与Ni-Co-Cr浓度相关的候选基因。谷子(Setariaitalica)是一种重要的区域作物,以其丰富的矿物质营养含量而闻名,这对人类健康有益。我们评估了十种微量元素的浓度(Ba,Co,Cr,Cu,Fe,Mn,Ni,Pb,Sr,和锌)在408个谷子种质的籽粒中。五种元素(Ba,Co,Ni,Sr,和Zn)在春季和夏季播种谷子品种的两个亚群之间观察到。此外,84.4%的元素对表现出显著的相关性。为了确定影响微量元素积累的遗传因素,进行了全面的全基因组关联研究,鉴定出三种不同环境中十种微量元素的155个数量性状基因座(QTL)。其中,在多个环境中一致检测到10个QTL,包括qZn2.1、qZn4.4、qCr4.1、qFe6.3、qFe6.5、qCo6.1、qPb7.3、qPb7.5、qBa9.1和qNi9.1。检测到13个QTL簇的多个元素,部分解释了元素之间的相关性。此外,谷子亚群之间五种元素的浓度不同是由与重要标记-性状关联相关的高浓度等位基因的频率不同引起的。单倍型分析确定了与Ni积累相关的候选基因SETIT_036676mg,随着GG单倍型显著增加谷子中Ni-Co-Cr的浓度。开发并验证了基于SETIT_036676mg的两个单倍型的切割的扩增多态性序列标记(cNi6676)。本研究结果为谷子微量元素含量的遗传研究和改良提供了有价值的参考信息。
CONCLUSIONS: One hundred and fifty-five QTL for trace element concentrations in foxtail millet were identified using a genome-wide association study, and a candidate gene associated with Ni-Co-Cr concentrations was detected. Foxtail millet (Setaria italica) is an important regional crop known for its rich mineral nutrient content, which has beneficial effects on human health. We assessed the concentrations of ten trace elements (Ba, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sr, and Zn) in the grain of 408 foxtail millet accessions. Significant differences in the concentrations of five elements (Ba, Co, Ni, Sr, and Zn) were observed between two subpopulations of spring- and summer-sown foxtail millet varieties. Moreover, 84.4% of the element pairs exhibited significant correlations. To identify the genetic factors influencing trace element accumulation, a comprehensive genome-wide association study was conducted, identifying 155 quantitative trait locus (QTL) for the ten trace elements across three different environments. Among them, ten QTL were consistently detected in multiple environments, including qZn2.1, qZn4.4, qCr4.1, qFe6.3, qFe6.5, qCo6.1, qPb7.3, qPb7.5, qBa9.1, and qNi9.1. Thirteen QTL clusters were detected for multiple elements, which partially explained the correlations between elements. Additionally, the different concentrations of five elements between foxtail millet subpopulations were caused by the different frequencies of high-concentration alleles associated with important marker-trait associations. Haplotype analysis identified a candidate gene SETIT_036676mg associated with Ni accumulation, with the GG haplotype significantly increasing Ni-Co-Cr concentrations in foxtail millet. A cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence marker (cNi6676) based on the two haplotypes of SETIT_036676mg was developed and validated. Results of this study provide valuable reference information for the genetic research and improvement of trace element content in foxtail millet.