背景:这项研究的目的是分析有关下颌骨中移位的牙科植入物的最新文献,包括与其原因相关的局部变量和系统变量,并确定最频繁的位置。
方法:该研究搜索了三个数据库(Pubmed,Scopus,和WebofScience)使用特定的索引术语,如“种植牙”,\'位移\',\'错位\',\'位移\',和“下颌骨”。分析的重点是位移的方向和骨组织的特征(骨质量,密度,和数量)在牙科植入物移位的情况下。
结果:共获得371篇。这些文章中的13篇被选中并全文阅读。要定义骨骼质量,Lekholm和Zarb分类,由Rosas等人修改。,被使用。II-B型骨,其特征是厚厚的皮质骨围绕着松质骨,髓腔非常宽,并发症数量最多。发现位移方向为水平的22例。其中,四人在前庭流离失所,十四个语态,四个留在中间。此外,24例出现垂直位移,12位移向下颌骨的下边界,9朝向下牙神经管的中部或附近,和下牙神经管上方3。
结论:下颌骨内植入物的意外移位与各种危险因素有关,包括骨小梁的特征和髓腔的大小。有理由建议,只有充分的术前诊断评估,借助高分辨率的断层图像,可以对这些结构进行先前的评估,将有助于更好地控制其他因素,从而将流离失所的风险降至最低。
BACKGROUND: The aim of this research was to analyse the current literature on displaced dental implants in the mandibular body, including local and systemic variables related to their cause, and to identify the most frequent location.
METHODS: The study conducted a search of three databases (Pubmed, Scopus, and Web of Science) using specific index terms such as \'dental implant\', \'displacement\', \'dislocation\', \'displaced\', and \'mandible\'. The analysis focused on the direction of displacement and the characteristics of the bone tissue (bone quality, density, and quantity) in cases where dental implants were displaced.
RESULTS: A total of 371 articles were obtained. Thirteen of these articles were selected and read in full. To define bone quality, the Lekholm and Zarb classification, modified by Rosas et al., was used. The type II-B bone, which is characterized by thick cortical bone surrounding cancellous bone with extremely wide medullary spaces, presented the largest number of complications. Twenty-two cases were found in which the displacement direction was horizontal. Of these, four were displaced vestibularly, fourteen lingually, and four remained in the center. Additionally, 24 cases presented vertical displacement, with 12 displaced towards the inferior border of the mandible, 9 towards the middle or adjacent to the inferior dental nerve canal, and 3 above the inferior dental nerve canal.
CONCLUSIONS: The accidental displacement of implants within the mandibular body is associated with various risk factors, including the characteristics of the bony trabeculum and the size of the medullary spaces. It is reasonable to suggest that only an adequate pre-surgical diagnostic evaluation, with the help of high-resolution tomographic images that allow a previous evaluation of these structures, will help to have better control over the other factors, thus minimizing the risk of displacement.