南非最近爆发的李斯特菌病在政策和实践方面都引起了人们对食品安全的关注。这些关注包括健康和营养方面,以及经济,因为南非的粮食系统为经济增长和粮食安全做出了重大贡献。然而,食品行业面临食品安全风险的挑战,如食源性疾病,食品欺诈和普遍缺乏有效的监管执法。政府无法有效监管食品部门是导致食品安全风险增加的一个因素。以正规部门为重点,这是受监管的,这篇综述概述了食品安全政策和法规的现状,食品安全挑战,和食品系统中的食品安全实践,在2017年和2018年的李斯特菌病危机之后。
■这项研究使用了系统的过程来审查南非的三组数据:与食品安全相关的公共政策和法规,公司报告(2013-2018)和媒体文章(2017年5月-2018年5月)。食品安全政策是从研究小组创建的食品系统政策数据库中选择的。公司报告是从他们的网站上检索的。Factivia被用来搜索媒体文章。对数据进行主题分析。该分析框架由联合国粮食及农业组织(FAO)的食品安全风险分析提供信息。与食品安全风险分析相关的活动:风险评估,风险管理,并在研究中的每个材料中搜索风险沟通.
■由13项政策组成的74份文件,审查了47篇媒体文章和15篇公司报告。食品安全由三个政府部门监管:卫生部(DOH),农业部,林业和渔业(DAFF)和贸易和工业部(DTI)通过章程和法规。这些部门直接(DAFF)或间接(DOH通过市政或地铁环境卫生专业人员)参与食品安全执法,监视,和教育。不同监管程序的执行往往协调不力。为了应对这种监管环境,食品零售业的食品安全活动包括依赖内部和第三方食品审计的自律体系,工人培训,外部测试,和消费者教育。鉴于这种分散的框架和缺乏互动,很明显,南非食品安全体系的治理不符合“目的”,因为政府监管的有效性和正规部门的自我监管存在差距,以及无法监管大型非正规部门的风险越来越大。在我们的分析中确定的食品安全挑战包括疾病爆发,担心贴错标签,以及缺乏对食品处理和分配的监管。
■调查结果表明,食品零售行业的各级利益相关者应共同承担责任,以改善食品安全并防止食品安全漏洞。此外,需要对食品安全系统进行强有力的治理,以实现有效的立法和执法。
UNASSIGNED: The recent listeriosis outbreak in South Africa brought food safety concerns to the fore in terms of both policy and practice. These concerns encompass both health and nutrition aspects, as well as the economy, because the food system in South Africa contributes significantly to economic growth and food security. However, the food sector is challenged with food safety risks, such as foodborne diseases, food fraud and a general lack of effective enforcement of regulation. The inability of government to effectively regulate the food sector is a contributing factor to increased food safety risks. Focusing on the formal sector, which is subject to regulation, this review provides an overview of the current state of food safety policies and regulations, food safety challenges, and food safety practices in the food system, after the listeriosis crisis of 2017 and 2018.
UNASSIGNED: This study used a systematic process to review three sets of data in South Africa: food safety related public policies and regulations, company reports (2013-2018) and media articles (May 2017-May 2018). Food safety policies were selected from a food system policy database created by the research team. The company reports were retrieved from their websites. Factivia was used to search for the media articles. The data were thematically analyzed. The analysis framework was informed by the Food and Agriculture Organization\'s (FAO) food safety risk analysis. Activities related to food safety risk analysis: risk assessment, risk management, and risk communication were searched for in each material included in the study.
UNASSIGNED: Seventy-four documents made up of 13 policies, 47 media articles and 15 company reports were reviewed. Food safety is regulated by three governments departments: Department of Health (DOH), Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (DAFF), and Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) through bylaws and regulations. The departments are directly (DAFF) or indirectly (DOH through municipal or metro Environmental Health Professional) involved in food safety enforcement, surveillance, and education. The enforcement of different regulatory processes is often poorly coordinated. Responding to this regulatory environment, food safety activities of the food retail industry include a self-regulatory system reliant on internal and third-party food audits, worker training, external testing, and consumer education. Given this fragmented framework and the lack of interaction, it is clear that the governance of the South African food safety system is not \"fit for purpose\" in that there is a gap in the effectiveness of government regulation and the self-regulation of the formal sector, and a growing risk from an inability to regulate the large informal sector. Food safety challenges identified in our analysis included disease outbreaks, concerns over mislabeling, and lack of regulation for food handling and distribution.
UNASSIGNED: The findings suggest that there should be a combination of responsibility from all levels of stake-holders in the food retail sector in order to improve food safety and prevent food safety breaches. In addition, strong governance of the food safety system is required to enable effective legislation and enforcement.