背景:在线食品交付服务(OFS)使个人能够从任何可交付的位置方便地获取食品。食物可及性的增加可能对健康或不健康食物的消费产生影响。令人担心的是,先前的研究表明,ODS提供了丰富的能量密集和营养不足的食物,通过交易或折扣大量促销。
目的:在本文中,我们描述了DIGIFOOD仪表板的开发,以监控新南威尔士州当地食品环境的数字化,澳大利亚,由于ODS的扩散。
方法:与一组数据科学家一起,我们使用MicrosoftPowerBI设计了专门构建的仪表板。开发过程包括三个主要阶段:(1)通过网上刮片获取食品网点的数据,(2)数据清洗和处理,和(3)仪表板上的食品出口的可视化。我们还描述了食品店的分类过程,以表征当地的健康,在线,和混合食物环境。这些类别包括外卖特许经营,独立外卖,独立的餐馆和咖啡馆,超市或杂货,面包店,酒精零售商,便利店,和三明治或沙拉店。
结果:迄今为止,DIGIFOOD仪表板在新南威尔士州绘制了36,967个独特的当地食品店(本地访问和从Google地图上抓取)和16,158个独特的在线食品店(在线访问和从UberEats抓取),澳大利亚。2023年,市场领先的ODS在新南威尔士州的1061个独特的郊区或地区运营。悉尼-帕拉马塔地区,新南威尔士州的一个主要城市地区,有28个邮政编码,记录的在线食品店数量最多(n=4221)。相比之下,远西部和奥拉纳地区,新南威尔士州的一个农村地区,只有两个邮政编码,网上可访问的食品店数量最少(n=7)。城市地区似乎是通过在线食品交付可访问的食品网点总数增长最大的地区。在本地和在线食品环境中,很明显,独立餐馆和咖啡馆占食品商店的比例最大,分别为47.2%(17,437/36,967)和51.8%(8369/16,158),分别。然而,与当地的食物环境相比,线上餐饮环境拥有相对较多的外卖专营权(2734/16,158,16.9%相比3273/36,967,8.9%)和独立外卖网点(2416/16,158,14.9%相比4026/36,967,10.9%)。
结论:DIGIFOOD仪表板利用当前丰富的数据环境来显示和对比本地可访问和在线可访问的食品商店的可用性和健康状况。DIGIFOOD仪表板可以成为区域范围内不断发展的数字食品环境的有用监测工具,并有可能在国家一级扩大规模。仪表板的未来迭代,包括来自其他重要ODS的数据,政策制定者可以用来确定在线和本地获取健康食品有限的高优先领域。
BACKGROUND: Online food delivery services (OFDS) enable individuals to conveniently access foods from any deliverable location. The increased accessibility to foods may have implications on the consumption of healthful or unhealthful foods. Concerningly, previous research suggests that OFDS offer an abundance of energy-dense and nutrient-poor foods, which are heavily promoted through deals or discounts.
OBJECTIVE: In this paper, we describe the development of the DIGIFOOD dashboard to monitor the digitalization of local food environments in New South Wales, Australia, resulting from the proliferation of OFDS.
METHODS: Together with a team of data scientists, we designed a purpose-built dashboard using Microsoft Power BI. The development process involved three main stages: (1) data acquisition of food outlets via web scraping, (2) data cleaning and processing, and (3) visualization of food outlets on the dashboard. We also describe the categorization process of food outlets to characterize the healthfulness of local, online, and hybrid food environments. These categories included takeaway franchises, independent takeaways, independent restaurants and cafes, supermarkets or groceries, bakeries, alcohol retailers, convenience stores, and sandwich or salad shops.
RESULTS: To date, the DIGIFOOD dashboard has mapped 36,967 unique local food outlets (locally accessible and scraped from Google Maps) and 16,158 unique online food outlets (accessible online and scraped from Uber Eats) across New South Wales, Australia. In 2023, the market-leading OFDS operated in 1061 unique suburbs or localities in New South Wales. The Sydney-Parramatta region, a major urban area in New South Wales accounting for 28 postcodes, recorded the highest number of online food outlets (n=4221). In contrast, the Far West and Orana region, a rural area in New South Wales with only 2 postcodes, recorded the lowest number of food outlets accessible online (n=7). Urban areas appeared to have the greatest increase in total food outlets accessible via online food delivery. In both local and online food environments, it was evident that independent restaurants and cafes comprised the largest proportion of food outlets at 47.2% (17,437/36,967) and 51.8% (8369/16,158), respectively. However, compared to local food environments, the online food environment has relatively more takeaway franchises (2734/16,158, 16.9% compared to 3273/36,967, 8.9%) and independent takeaway outlets (2416/16,158, 14.9% compared to 4026/36,967, 10.9%).
CONCLUSIONS: The DIGIFOOD dashboard leverages the current rich data landscape to display and contrast the availability and healthfulness of food outlets that are locally accessible versus accessible online. The DIGIFOOD dashboard can be a useful monitoring tool for the evolving digital food environment at a regional scale and has the potential to be scaled up at a national level. Future iterations of the dashboard, including data from additional prominent OFDS, can be used by policy makers to identify high-priority areas with limited access to healthful foods both online and locally.