背景:尽管越来越多关于移民心理健康的研究,使用全国代表性样本来检查移民心理健康及其潜在的生物心理社会影响因素的研究有限,特别是在COVID-19大流行期间。我们探索并估计了生活满意度的影响,社会/情感支持,和其他生物心理社会因素对自我报告的焦虑/抑郁症状的影响,在美国具有全国代表性的第一代移民样本中
方法:我们使用2021年全国健康访谈调查对≥18岁的第一代成年人(n=4295)进行了二次数据分析.我们应用调查权重并建立多变量逻辑回归模型来评估研究目标。
结果:每日患病率,每周,在第一代移民人口中,每月出现焦虑/抑郁症状的比例为10.22%.每天有2.04%,每周3.27%,和4.91%的人每月焦虑/抑郁:约8.20%,9.94%,9.60%有焦虑症状,而2.49%,3.54%,5.34%的人每天都有抑郁症状,每周,每月,分别。26-49岁的第一代人口不太可能每天经历焦虑/抑郁,每周,或每月与18-25岁的人相比。女性(相对于男性)更有可能每天经历焦虑/抑郁,每周,或每月。那些被认定为同性恋的人每天经历焦虑/抑郁的几率更高,每周,或每月与异性恋者相比。相对于非西班牙裔白人,非西班牙裔亚洲人,黑人/非洲裔美国人,西班牙裔人的赔率较低,而其他/多种族/族裔群体更有可能每天经历焦虑/抑郁,每周,或每月。较高的生活满意度评分与每天经历焦虑/抑郁的几率较低相关,每周,或每月。在过去的一年/两年中,有时/很少有社会/情感支持或使用医疗保健与每天经历焦虑/抑郁有关,每周,或每月。
结论:研究结果揭示了美国第一代人群的焦虑和抑郁负担,在年轻人等亚组中风险较高,女性,性少数群体,和非西班牙裔白人和其他/多种族的个人。此外,生活满意度得分较低的人,有限的社会/情感支持,或医疗保健利用在过去一两年呈现增加的风险。这些发现强调了对美国第一代个体进行个性化心理健康筛查和干预的必要性,这取决于他们的多样性和与健康相关的风险。
BACKGROUND: Despite increasing studies on mental health among immigrants, there are limited studies using nationally representative samples to examine immigrants\' mental health and its potential biopsychosocial contributing factors, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. We explored and estimated the influence of life satisfaction, social/emotional support, and other biopsychosocial factors on self-reported anxiety/depression symptoms among a nationally representative sample of first-generation immigrants in the U.S.
METHODS: We conducted a secondary data analysis using the 2021 National Health Interview Survey among first-generation adults aged ≥ 18 years (n = 4295). We applied survey weights and developed multivariable logistic regression model to evaluate the study objective.
RESULTS: The prevalence of daily, weekly, or monthly anxiety/depression symptoms was 10.22% in the first-generation immigrant population. There were 2.04% daily, 3.27% weekly, and 4.91% monthly anxiety/depression among the population: about 8.20%, 9.94%, and 9.60% experienced anxiety symptoms, whereas 2.49%, 3.54%, and 5.34% experienced depression symptoms daily, weekly, and monthly, respectively. The first-generation population aged 26-49 years were less likely to experience anxiety/depression daily, weekly, or monthly compared to those aged 18-25. Females (versus males) were more likely to experience anxiety/depression daily, weekly, or monthly. Those who identified as gay/lesbian had higher odds of experiencing anxiety/depression daily, weekly, or monthly compared to heterosexual persons. Relative to non-Hispanic White individuals, non-Hispanic Asian, Black/African American, and Hispanic individuals had lower odds, while other/multi-racial/ethnic groups were more likely to experience anxiety/depression daily, weekly, or monthly. A higher life satisfaction score was associated with lower odds of experiencing anxiety/depression daily, weekly, or monthly. Having social/emotional support sometimes/rarely or using healthcare within the past one/two years was associated with experiencing anxiety/depression daily, weekly, or monthly.
CONCLUSIONS: The findings reveal significant burden of anxiety and depression among first-generation population in the U.S., with higher risks among subgroups like young adults, females, sexual minorities, and non-Hispanic White and other/multi-racial individuals. Additionally, individuals with lower life satisfaction scores, limited social/emotional support, or healthcare utilization in the past one or two years present increased risk. These findings highlight the need for personalized mental health screening and interventions for first-generation individuals in the U.S. based on their diversity and health-related risks.