这项研究通过大规模封闭研究了排灯节节日期间烟花对印度南部城市海得拉巴大气气溶胶的影响,稳定碳同位素和EPA-PMF模型。2019年和2020年排灯节周的白天和夜间气溶胶样品中的化学物质的鉴定显示出NH4浓度增加,NO3-,SO42-,K+,有机碳(OC),Ba,Pb和Li,被认为是烟花的示踪剂。PM10来源分配使用无机(微量元素,主要离子)和含碳(有机和元素碳;OC&EC)成分,以及TC和EC的稳定同位素组成。K+/Na+→1和K+nss/OC>0.5表明烟花的贡献。高NO3-,NH4+,Na+,Cl-和SO42-表明存在潮解盐NaCl,NH4NO3和(NH4)2SO4。TAE/TCE>1建议排除H+,表明气溶胶中可能存在H2SO4和NH4HSO4。Ba,Pb,Sb,Sr和Fe增加了305(87),12(11)、12(3)、排灯节之夜3(2)和3(4)次,与2019年排灯节前(2020年)相比,被认为是烟花的金属示踪剂。气溶胶中的δ13CTC和δ13CEC非常类似于柴油和C3工厂燃烧的排放物,排灯节时期鞭炮的贡献微薄。δ13CEC比δ13CTC和δ13COC相对耗尽。这两年,δ13COC-EC(δ13COC-δ13CEC)为阳性,表明气溶胶在远距离迁移过程中的光化学老化,而2019年排灯节前和2020年排灯节后,δ13COC-EC为负值,OC/EC比率较高,暗示二次有机气溶胶的形成。排灯节周期间的高甲苯有助于形成新的SOA,与前体12C反应,导致13C耗尽。八个因素的EPA-PMF来源分配表明残留物/废物燃烧的贡献最大,其次是海洋/尘土和烟花,而固体燃料/煤燃烧贡献最少。
This study examined the influence of
fireworks on atmospheric aerosols over the Southern Indian city of Hyderabad during festival of Diwali using mass closure, stable carbon isotopes and the EPA-PMF model. Identification of chemical species in day and night time aerosol samples for 2019 and 2020 Diwali weeks showed increased concentrations of NH4+, NO3-, SO42-, K+, organic carbon (OC), Ba, Pb and Li, which were considered as tracers for
fireworks. PM10 source apportionment was done using inorganic (trace elements, major ions) and carbonaceous (organic and elemental carbon; OC & EC) constituents, along with stable isotopic compositions of TC and EC. K+/Na+ ∼1 and K+nss/OC > 0.5 indicated contribution from
fireworks. High NO3-, NH4+, Na+, Cl- and SO42- suggested the presence of deliquescent salts NaCl, NH4NO3 and (NH4)2SO4. TAE/TCE >1 suggested H+ exclusion, indicating possible presence of H2SO4 and NH4HSO4 in the aerosols. Ba, Pb, Sb, Sr and Fe increased by 305 (87), 12 (11), 12 (3), 3 (2) and 3 (4) times on Diwali nights, compared to pre-Diwali of 2019 (2020), and are considered as metallic tracers of
fireworks. δ13CTC and δ13CEC in aerosols closely resembled that of diesel and C3 plant burning emissions, with meagre contribution from firecrackers during Diwali period. The δ13CEC was relatively depleted than δ13CTC and δ13COC. For both years, δ13COC-EC (δ13COC - δ13CEC) were positive, suggesting photochemical aging of aerosols during long-range transport, while for pre-Diwali 2019 and post-Diwali 2020, δ13COC-EC were negative with high OC/EC ratio, implying secondary organic aerosols formation. High toluene during Diwali week contributed to fresh SOA formation, which reacted with precursor 12C, leading to 13C depletions. Eight-factored EPA-PMF source apportionment indicated highest contribution from residue/waste burning, followed by marine/dust soil and
fireworks, while least was contributed from solid fuel/coal combustion.