Fictional Works as Topic

虚构作品作为主题
  • 文章类型: English Abstract
    在阿加莎·克里斯蒂的神秘小说中描述了铊中毒,苍白的马。铊,一个无味的,无臭,已知水溶性元素与许多事故和不良事件有关。虽然近年来铊不容易获得,铊中毒继续发生。然而,铊中毒的诊断具有挑战性。在这篇文章中,我们讨论铊中毒的诊断和处理。
    Thallium poisoning is described in Agatha Christie\'s mystery novel, The Pale Horse. Thallium, a tasteless, odorless, and water-soluble element is known to be associated with many accidents and adverse events. Although thallium is not easily available in recent years, thallium poisoning continues to occur. However, diagnosis of thallium poisoning is challenging. In this article, we discuss diagnosis and management of thallium poisoning.
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  • 文章类型: English Abstract
    在这份手稿中,我对阿加莎·克里斯蒂(AgathaChristie)的小说《五只小猪》(美国书名:《回想起来的谋杀案》)提供了一些见解,并概述神经毒素在这个故事中起着至关重要的作用。Coniine是一种烟碱乙酰胆碱受体拮抗剂,并通过直接作用于周围神经系统而引起麻痹的缓慢传播作用。这种药剂已经被用作毒药几千年了;事实上,哲学文本Phaedo描述了coniine被用来杀死苏格拉底。基于这样的背景,还讨论了克里斯蒂对人性和创造力的看法。
    In this manuscript, I provide some insights into the novel Five Little Pigs (US title: Murder in Retrospect) by Agatha Christie, and overview the neurotoxin coniine that plays an essential role in that story. Coniine is a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist, and induces a slowly spreading effect of paralysis by acting directly on the peripheral nervous system. This agent has been used as a poison for thousands of years; indeed, the philosophical text Phaedo describes that coniine was used to put Socrates to death. Based on this background, Christie\'s views on human nature and her creative powers are also discussed.
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  • 文章类型: English Abstract
    由于《三幕悲剧》中的主要角色之一是演员,书中描述的三起谋杀案被比作幕布。三起看似无关的谋杀案在故事的结尾有联系,作者独特的刺激,阿加莎·克里斯蒂.在这本书中,三起谋杀案都使用了尼古丁。尼古丁是剧毒的,是20世纪中叶之前使用的主要杀虫剂之一。虽然目前禁止使用,新烟碱类杀虫剂,降低了毒性,仍在使用。尼古丁中毒的问题包括幼儿意外摄入,绿色烟草病,和自杀企图。当尼古丁进入人体时,它与乙酰胆碱受体结合并引起各种症状。
    Since one of the main characters in Three Act Tragedy was an actor, the three murders described in the book have been likened to a curtain. The three seemingly unrelated murders were connected at the end of the story, a thrill unique to the author, Agatha Christie. Nicotine was used in all three murders in this book. Nicotine is highly toxic and was one of the main pesticides used until the mid-20th century. Although its use is currently prohibited, neonicotinoid pesticides, which have reduced toxicity, are still being used. Problems with nicotine intoxication include accidental ingestion by young children, green tobacco sickness, and suicide attempts. When nicotine enters the body, it binds to acetylcholine receptors and causes various symptoms.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    将某人描述为残疾人意味着评估他们与环境的关系,身体,和自我。这样的描述基于人由于其非典型的体现而感知的局限性。然而,损伤本身不是病理性的,残疾也不一定偏离生物常态,科幻小说中经常通过呈现彻底改变的环境来表达差异。在这样的设置中,没有受损的人可以被证明不适合他们所处的世界。一个典型的例子来自H.G.Wells的“盲人的国家”。“本文通过挑战生物学正常的概念,证明了科幻小说将残疾的规范质量与源于医学启蒙运动的经典医学模型脱钩的能力。在探索医学正常性的概念之前,首先简要介绍了残疾。然后它对生物学上一致的存在提出问题,认为健康只有在环境条件下才能理解。接下来,本文概述了“盲人国家”,然后分析了它如何挑战生物常态的概念,将其视为一种社会产品,而不是一个普遍的常数。最后,本文得出的结论是,科幻小说叙事通过设想(非)理想的替代方案,有效地询问了我们世界看似一致的趋势。
    Describing someone as disabled means evaluating their relationship with their environment, body, and self. Such descriptions pivot on the person\'s perceived limitations due to their atypical embodiment. However, impairments are not inherently pathological, nor are disabilities necessarily deviations from biological normality, a discrepancy often articulated in science fiction via the presentation of radically altered environments. In such settings, non-impaired individuals can be shown to be unsuited to the world they find themselves in. One prime example of this comes courtesy of H. G. Wells\'s \"The Country of the Blind.\" This paper demonstrates science fiction\'s capacity to decouple disability\'s normative quality from classical medical models stemming from the medical Enlightenment movement by challenging the idea of the biologically normal. It first provides a brief account of disability before exploring the concept of medical normality. It then problematizes the biologically consistent being, arguing that health is only understandable when environmentally situated. Next, the paper provides an overview of \"The Country of the Blind\" before analyzing how it challenges the idea of biological normality, framing it as a social product rather than a universal constant. Finally, the paper concludes that science fiction narratives effectively interrogate our world\'s seemingly consistent trends by envisioning (un)desirable alternatives.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
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  • 文章类型: Historical Article
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  • 文章类型: Historical Article
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  • 文章类型: Editorial
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  • 文章类型: Comparative Study
    COVID-19是现代最具挑战性的全球健康问题之一。然而,自从我们起源以来,流行病一直影响着人类,在我们面前的许多人已经描述了它们对人类生活的重大影响。分开与医学和健康科学更相关的方面,我们在这里重点分析流行病如何迫使人们改变他们的习惯,他们促进什么样的情绪和行为,以及由不同的社会行为者扮演的角色。为了这个目的,特别是如果我们希望在过去的流行病和COVID-19之间找到一些相似之处,历史记录似乎比文学作品更合适。尽管如此,我们采取了这种方法,依靠LaPeste(AlbertCamus,1947),根据阿尔及利亚奥兰镇虚构的瘟疫流行的小说。远非制造将小说与现实分开的障碍,这个阅读使我们能够与我们目前的情况建立几个联系。认识到两种情况下的背景和解决方案差异很大,关于流行病的核心问题似乎保持不变。数据和统计的重要作用,卫生当局获得的领导,亲戚的分居或对贸易和商业的负面影响是奥兰以及当今发生的一些问题。除此之外,流行病也在个体层面影响人类,LaPeste的主要角色中的某些思想和感受可能使我们认同自己的恐惧和欲望。
    COVID-19 represents one of the most challenging global health issues in modern times. However, as epidemics have affected humans since our origins, many before us have described how significantly they compromise human lives. Leaving apart the aspects more linked to medicine and health sciences, we focus here on analysing how epidemics force people to change their habits, what type of emotions and behaviours they promote, and which roles are played by different social actors. For such a purpose, especially if we wish to draw some parallels between past epidemics and COVID-19, historical records seemed to be more suitable than literary works. Nonetheless, we have taken this approach relying on La Peste (Albert Camus, 1947), a novel based on a fictional epidemic of plague in the Algerian town of Oran. Far from creating a barrier separating fiction from reality, this reading allowed us to establish several links with our current situation. Recognising that context and solutions vary widely between the two scenarios, core matters concerning epidemics seemed to remain invariable. The important role of data and statistics, the leadership acquired by health authorities, the separations of relatives or the negative effects on trade and business are some issues which took place in Oran as well as nowadays. Besides that, epidemics also affect humans at an individual level, and certain thoughts and feelings in La Peste\'s main characters may make us identify with our own fears and desires.
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  • 文章类型: Historical Article
    霍拉斯·威尔斯以文学的方式被讨论为一个经典的悲剧英雄。威尔斯明显失败的结局并不是关于他的终极真理。他的故事帮助我们看到和面对生活。许多科学、个人,他努力解决的社会问题与我们今天有关,例如人体实验和吸毒成瘾。他的理想主义和浪漫主义追求值得钦佩。今天,我们受益于他大胆而命运的追求所取得的成就。
    Horace Wells is discussed in a literary manner as a classic tragic hero. Wells\' apparent failed end is not the ultimate truth concerning him. His story helps us see and confront life. Many of the scientific, personal, and social issues he grappled with are relevant to us today such as human experimentation and drug addiction. His idealism and romantic pursuit are to be admired. We benefit today from the achievements of his daring and fateful quest.
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