This study aims to gain more insight in the lived experience of men who became father at an advanced age (40 years or older). Advanced Parental Age (APA) is becoming an increasingly widespread phenomenon as the average age at which people have children has been increasing for decades now. However, the psychosocial dimension of APA-fatherhood in particular remains a highly understudied topic. This Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis presents findings from a qualitative interview study with seven men who fathered their (now teenage) children in their early 40s to early 50s. Interviews were semi-structured and focused on lived experiences of the participants and their normative stances regarding the topic of parenting at an advanced age. Three themes were identified: The fathers in our sample describe their APA as a result of life events rather than an intentional postponement. Second, they managed how they were perceived as APA-fathers by distancing themselves from \'too old\' parents. However, these fathers did not perceive fatherhood at a younger age as better than their current APA. Three fathers, who also had an earlier fatherhood experience, provided a rich account of how they made sense of their fatherhood roles in both families. Third, the seven fathers encountered social stigma, leading to various coping strategies. These findings contribute to better understanding the psychosocial dimension of APA-fatherhood.

BACKGROUND: Although maternal childhood maltreatment has been associated with offspring externalizing symptoms, little is known about the potential mechanisms that contribute to breaking the intergenerational effect of maternal childhood maltreatment.
OBJECTIVE: The current study aimed to (a) investigate the intergenerational effect between maternal childhood maltreatment and offspring externalizing symptoms in the Chinese family; (b) examine maternal supportive and harsh parenting as potential mediators of this intergenerational effect; and (c) explore the moderating roles of paternal support parenting, as well as paternal harsh parenting, in this mediation process of maternal supportive and harsh parenting.
METHODS: The sample consisted of 1111 mother-father-child triads from Beijing, recruited when the children were one and three years old.
METHODS: Mothers completed the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, and both parents completed the Infant-Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment and Comprehensive Early Childhood Parenting Scale.
RESULTS: Our results showed that maternal childhood maltreatment was a risk factor for offspring externalizing symptoms at T2 (β = 0.24, t = 6.51, p < .001), and this effect was mediated by maternal supportive (indirect effect = 0.03, 95%CI = [0.02, 0.05]) and harsh parenting (indirect effect = 0.03, 95%CI = [0.02, 0.07]) at T1. Furthermore, paternal harsh parenting moderated the indirect effect of maternal childhood maltreatment on child externalizing symptoms through maternal supportive parenting.
CONCLUSIONS: These findings contribute to our understanding and provide valuable information for disrupting the intergenerational effect of maternal childhood maltreatment.

BACKGROUND: Black women in the United States report moderate to high levels of perceived stress during pregnancy. Though lower levels of involvement and support from father of the baby (FOB) and higher levels of conflict have been associated with higher levels of maternal perceived stress, it is not clear how Black pregnant women experience the mother-father relationship and its influence on perceived stress.
OBJECTIVE: To examine and describe the mother-father relationship and its role in experiences of perceived stress from the perspective of Black pregnant women.
METHODS: Using a convergent, mixed methods approach with ideal-type analysis, we conducted a secondary analysis of data among 60 Black pregnant women enrolled in the Biosocial Impact on Black Births study. Women completed online self-report questionnaires and participated in a semi-structured interview by telephone.
RESULTS: Participants who reported more conflict with FOB also reported higher levels of perceived stress (ρ(47) = .431, P= .002). Themes (importance, communication, support, conflict, satisfaction, and stress) emerged from the data. Five distinct mother-father relationship typologies were identified following an ideal-type analysis of the combined dataset: Cared For; Managing Expectations; Just Friends, For the Kids; It\'s Complicated; and Can\'t be Bothered.
CONCLUSIONS: These findings are an innovative exemplar of ideal-type analysis and provide a deeper understanding of the nuance and dynamics within the mother-father relationship and how it influences perceived stress among Black pregnant women.
CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians must recognize the significance of the mother-father relationship and, when appropriate, encourage paternal involvement or intervene if there is conflict during pregnancy.

BACKGROUND: The first agent of socialisation is the family, who are expected to facilitate the inclusion of children in societal activities. While mothers\' voices have been widely captured in the literature regarding their experiences raising children with disabilities, fathers\' perceptions of their knowledge of and involvement in the development of children with disabilities have been understudied, particularly in non-Western contexts.
OBJECTIVE: The main aim of this study was to examine fathers\' perceptions of their involvement in raising children with disabilities in the United Arab Emirates.
METHODS: In total, 469 fathers were recruited to understand their involvement in raising their children with disabilities. The Fathers\' Involvement in Development and Rehabilitation Scale was used to collect data, which were analysed using SPSS and AMOS.
RESULTS: The results showed that fathers rated themselves highly for their attitudes, support, and participation in training to support their children with disabilities. Demographic variables, such as nationality and educational qualifications, provided additional insight into their involvement in raising their children with disabilities.
CONCLUSIONS: The study concludes with suggestions for training programmes to change fathers\' attitudes towards children with disabilities, as such programmes can enable them to better support their children\'s development.

BACKGROUND: Socio-communicative difficulties are a core symptom of autism that deeply impact interaction with others. Despite that, research on bidirectional caregiver-child interaction variables has been notably scant and predominantly focused on autistic children\'s interactive differences and the consequences on parenting behaviors.
OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to assess parent-child interaction in the context of autism through observational validated instruments that consider qualitative and structural features in a complementary way to obtain a comprehensive characterization of the exchange within the dyad.
METHODS: This study involved 56 paired parent-child dyads of 28 autistic children (mean age = 38.60 months, sd = 9.50) playing with their mothers and their fathers for 10 min. The video-recorded sessions were coded through the Emotional Availability Scales (EAS) and the Interpersonal Synchrony (IS) coding system.
RESULTS: Fathers and mothers do not show significant differences in ISexcept for mother widenings, which are more frequent and successful, and in Emotional Availability. Further, dyads present moderate levels of Emotional Availability, indicating that parents may struggle with structuring, sensitivity, and interactive abilities with their autistic children, which in turn present low levels of responsiveness and involvement. Further, we explored an association between IS and EA characteristics.
CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests the need for interventions to target interaction considering both caregivers, ultimately targeting both interaction structure and affect features. Research that includes fathers fosters strategies for individualization and treatment optimization.

OBJECTIVE: Existing studies of fathers\' involvement in childcare have focused on its impact on children\'s psychosocial development and the facilitation of family functions, like marital relationships. In this study, we investigated the factors that determine paternal childcare in Japan, particularly focusing on work-related hours and environment, separately, according to mothers\' employment status.
METHODS: We used data from the Longitudinal Survey of Newborns in the 21st Century (2010 cohort) conducted in Japan. We restricted the sample to 27 783 participants with working fathers and analyzed how paternal work-related factors affect fathers\' childcare involvement by mothers\' employment status using an ordered logistic regression model.
RESULTS: In the model adjusting for all covariates, the odds ratio (OR) of spending less time with children on weekdays was higher: for fathers who worked 50 and more hours per week compared with those who worked 40-49 hours per week (OR = 1.95, 95% CI: 1.72-2.20 for 50-59 hours), for fathers whose commuting hours were longer than those commuting less than 0.5 hours per day (OR = 2.93, 95% CI: 2.34-3.69 for 1.5 or more hours), for larger workplace employee sizes than for 5-99 employee sizes (OR = 1.56, 95% CI: 1.38-1.77 for 500 or more employees). The associations between these paternal work-related variables and paternal hours spent with the children on weekdays were almost the same if the mothers were working or not working.
CONCLUSIONS: Regardless of whether the mother is working, fathers\' work environment factors, such as working hours, play a key role in their involvement in childcare.

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OBJECTIVE: To assess if received professional and social support are associated with father-infant bonding among primiparous (first-time) and multiparous (multi-time) fathers.
BACKGROUND: Early father-infant bonding predicts several positive child outcomes. However, while received professional and social support positively impacts fathers\' transition into parenthood, little research has tested if these factors are associated with a stronger father-infant bond.
METHODS: In total, 499 fathers (296 primiparous and 203 multiparous) of infants (aged 0-12 months) completed a cross-sectional online survey between November 2018 and March 2020. The survey included items related to socio-demographics, having a planned pregnancy, postnatal midwifery support, child health nurse support, child health center attendance, and social support. The parent-infant bonding questionnaire (PBQ) was used to assess the father-infant bond. Multiple linear regression models were estimated for the total sample and based on paternal parity. Missing data were managed through multiple imputation procedures.
RESULTS: Fathers reported fewer bonding disturbances if they received support from their partners, postnatal midwives, child health nurses, and attended more child health visits. Primiparous fathers reported fewer bonding disturbances when receiving support from their partners, postnatal midwives, and the child health nurse. However, multiparous fathers had more bonding disturbances than primiparous fathers and received less professional and partner support.
CONCLUSIONS: Receiving more partner and professional support is associated with less father-infant bonding disturbances. To encourage a better father-infant bond, clinicians should invite and support all fathers, regardless of parity, as they transition to parenthood.

The present study examined how father and mother harsh parenting as experienced in middle adolescence impacted individual behavior during late adolescence and subsequent harsh couple interaction with their romantic partner in adulthood using a prospective longitudinal design (n = 117 males, 239 females). Data were collected during home visits by a trained interviewer in which family members completed questionnaires and participated in videotaped structured interaction tasks that were coded by trained observers. We assessed the influence of harsh parenting in adolescence (ages 15 and 16, Time 1) on individual processes (e.g., academic difficulty, substance use, and low self-esteem; age 18, Time 2) and harsh couple interaction in adulthood (ages 29 and 31, Time 3; age 34, Time 4). Father harsh parenting was associated with low self-esteem for sons and daughters and substance use for sons. Mother harsh parenting was associated with academic difficulty for adolescents. Academic difficulty and low self-esteem for daughters were further associated with harsh couple interaction at Time 3, while substance use for adolescents was associated with harsh couple interaction at Time 3, which remained stable through established adulthood. We highlight the unique effects of father and mother harsh parenting on later romantic relationship quality through individual mechanisms in late adulthood, for daughters and sons, in the context of the family system. Understanding these nuances as adolescents approach adulthood have implications for programming and policy aimed at strengthening the parent-child relationship in adolescence to allow for the development of healthy romantic relationships later in life. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Fathers play a critical yet underappreciated role in adolescent development. To examine contributions of fathers\' parenting to attachment in adolescence and adulthood, this longitudinal study followed 184 adolescents from ages 13-24. At age 13, adolescents reported on their fathers\' parenting behavior and were observed in a father-teen conflict task; at ages 14 and 24, they completed the Adult Attachment Interview. Adolescents who lived with their father showed higher attachment security at age 14 (Cohen\'s d = .72), compared to those with non-residential fathers. Fathers\' positive relatedness and support for teens\' psychological autonomy predicted attachment security at age 14. Fathers\' physical aggression predicted attachment insecurity in adolescence, whereas fathers\' verbal aggression predicted insecurity in adulthood, illuminating developmental shifts. Pathways to security were moderated by father residential status, adolescent gender, and race. Findings underscore the importance of fathers\' presence, autonomy support, and non-aggression in predicting adolescents\' state of mind in close relationships.