Compared with Zn2+ storage, non-metallic charge carrier with small hydrated size and light weight shows fast dehydration and diffusion kinetics for Zn-organic batteries. Here we first report NH4 + /H+ co-storage in self-assembled organic superstructures (OSs) by intermolecular interactions of p-benzoquinone (BQ) and 2, 6-diaminoanthraquinone (DQ) polymer through H-bonding and π-π stacking. BQ-DQ OSs exhibit exposed quadruple-active carbonyl motifs and super electron delocalization routes, which are redox-exclusively coupled with high-kinetics NH4 + /H+ but exclude sluggish and rigid Zn2+ ions. A unique 4e- NH4 + /H+ co-coordination mechanism is unravelled, giving BQ-DQ cathode high capacity (299 mAh g-1 at 1 A g-1 ), large-current tolerance (100 A g-1 ) and ultralong life (50,000 cycles). This strategy further boosts the capacity to 358 mAh g-1 by modulating redox-active building units, giving new insights into ultra-fast and stable NH4 + /H+ storage in organic materials for better Zn batteries.

The pseudocapacitive properties of CeO2 are largely dependent on its surface Faradaic redox reaction kinetics; however, its electrochemical performance is still limited by the low utilization due to the inefficient diffusionfreeways and the limited active sites. Herein, we prepare a 0D/3D composite composed of oxygen-deficient CeO2 quantum dots (0D) anchored on a 3D hollow porous N-doped carbon framework (CeO2-x QD@PHC) via a facile template-confined strategy followed by a chemical co-precipitation. The refined QDs and hollow structure greatly shorten the ion diffusion paths and lower the internal strain during cycling. The integration of CeO2-x QDs with PHC structure endows enriched accessible active sites and enhances the electrical properties. As a result, the optimized CeO2-x QD@PHC exhibits an improved specific capacitance and good rate performance in comparison to those of the CeO2-x-free PHC. Moreover, a symmetric supercapacitor with CeO2-x QD@PHC as an electrode is constructed, delivering a high energy density of 3.874 Wh kg-1 at a power density of 149.98 W kg-1.

Fast charging rate and large energy storage are key requirements for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) in electric vehicles. Developing electrode materials with high volumetric and gravimetric capacity that could be operated at a high rate is the most challenging problem. In this work, a general multi-interface strategy toward densified carbon materials with enhanced comprehensive electrochemical performance for Li/Na-ion batteries is proposed. The mixture of graphene oxide and sucrose solution is sprayed into a water/oil system and furtherly carbonized to get graphene/hard carbon spheres (GHSs). In this material, abundant ingenious internal interfaces between the crystalline graphene and the carbon matrix are created inside the hard carbon spheres. The constructed interfaces can not only work as a pathway for the escape of volatile gas generated during sucrose pyrolysis to prevent the formation of abundant pores, which leads high packing density of 0.910 g cm-3 and low surface area of 13.3 m2  g-1 , but can also provide a conductive \"highway\" for ions and electrons. When used as the anode material for both LIBs and sodium-ion batteries (SIBs), the GHS shows the high gravimetric/volumetric reversible capacities, high-rate performance, and low temperature properties simultaneously, implying the great potential application in practical LIBs and SIBs.