UNASSIGNED: To evaluate the refractive and visual acuity outcomes when using trifocal toric intraocular lenses (IOLs), femtosecond laser assisted cataract surgery (FLACS), swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) biometry, digital image tracking (DT) and intraoperative aberrometry (IA).
UNASSIGNED: This prospective, single-arm, observational study of refractive and visual outcomes included 40 eyes of 34 subjects. Preoperative biometry was performed with the Argos, FLACS and digital marking with LenSx, and IA and DT with ORA. Eyes were implanted with the Clareon PanOptix toric IOL. Study outcome measures included absolute prediction error, residual refractive astigmatism, and monocular uncorrected and distance corrected visual acuity at distance (UDVA, CDVA), intermediate (UIVA, DCIVA; 60cm), and near (UNVA, DCNVA; 40cm).
UNASSIGNED: Mean absolute prediction error (spherical equivalent) was 0.43 ± 0.36 D, and the percentage of eyes with absolute prediction error ≤ 0.5 D was 72.5% (29/40 eyes). Mean residual astigmatism was 0.36 ± 0.65 D, and the percentage of eyes with residual astigmatism ≤ 0.5 D was 80% (32/40 eyes). Monocular UDVA, UIVA, and UNVA was 20/25 or better in 75%, 64%, and 87% of eyes respectively. Monocular CDVA, DCIVA, and DCNVA was 20/25 or better in 95%, 64%, and 87% of eyes respectively.
UNASSIGNED: The results of this study suggest that trifocal toric implantation with SS-OCT, FLACS, DT, and IA can provide excellent refractive and visual outcomes.
When the natural lens inside the eye becomes opaque (develops a cataract), it can be surgically replaced with a clear artificial intraocular lens (IOL). There are many different technologies available to the cataract surgeon in order to maximize postoperative visual outcomes with implanted IOLs. These include, modern biometers, femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery (FLACS), trifocal IOLs, toric IOLs, image-guided digital tracking (DT), and intraoperative aberrometry (IA). Individually, good refractive outcomes have been reported with these technologies. However, there is minimal data on outcomes using a combination of all of them. The purpose of this study was to determine the refractive and visual acuity outcomes when using modern biometers, toric IOLs, FLACS, DT, IA, and trifocal IOLs. The results of this study suggest that trifocal toric implantation with modern biometry, FLACS, DT, and IA can provide excellent refractive and visual outcomes.

In order to improve the driving ability of the explosion wave simulation equipment, reduce the erosion effect of condensed explosives on the explosion wave simulation equipment, improve the safety of the test process, and make better use of the meteorological detonation driving method, it is necessary to optimize the source of the shock wave load in the driving section. Based on the finite volume method of FLACS, a methane detonation driving model corresponding to the test is established to explore the feasibility of using methane as an explosion source to test the structure against explosion shock wave. A methane detonation drive test was carried out to verify the accuracy of the numerical model. Finally, an engineering model for attenuation of shock wave overpressure peak value in pipeline is established by dimensional analysis, and the model coefficient is determined by numerical simulation and test data. The results show that the blast pressure is the highest when the methane volume ratio reaches 9.5 vol% in the methane-air mixture. Simply increasing oxygen content has little effect on the peak overpressure and positive pressure duration of shock wave. In the pure oxygen environment, the detonation effect can be achieved when the volume ratio of methane to oxygen is 1:2, and the incident pressure of the shock wave is proportional to the volume of the gas cloud. When the gas cloud volume is constant, a reasonable selection of methane-oxygen mixture ratio can achieve a better detonation effect, which can effectively increase the peak overpressure of the shock wave in the test section. The research results can provide technical reference for the development of new explosion wave simulation equipment.

UNASSIGNED: To describe the use of FLACS (Femtosecond-Laser-Assisted Cataract Surgery) and pupiloplasty technique employed in a cataract surgery associated with iris-lens-zonule coloboma, as well as to report the advantages that FLACS can provide in this type of complicated surgery.
UNASSIGNED: During FLACS (Victus® - TECHNOLAS, Bausch and Lomb Incorporated, USA), after the docking procedure, the parameters of capsulotomy, fragmentation and incisions were manually adjusted. Iris retractors were anchored to the edge of the anterior lens capsule to provide stability to the bag during phacoemulsification maneuvers, and a capsular tension ring and intraocular lens (IOL) were implanted. Iris repair was approached using a modification of the slip-knot technique. For this purpose, a 10.0 Prolene on a straight needle was used and knotted extraocularly, over the conjunctiva. Finally, an anterior vitrectomy was performed as a precaution.
UNASSIGNED: In spite of the existing controversy regarding FLACS technology compared to conventional surgery, it seems to be beneficial in complicated cases such as cataracts associated with iris and lens coloboma, since it allows the modification of different parameters that facilitate and ensure surgery safety. On the other hand, the iris repair technique described facilitates manipulation of the iris sutures. In addition, complementary techniques such as the use of a capsular tension ring and pupiloplasty help to center and stabilize the IOL, and to reduce the symptoms derived from iris coloboma, obtaining a better visual quality.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the role of femtosecond laser-assisted capsulotomy centration in the long-term intraocular positioning of a multifocal intraocular lens.
METHODS: Prospective comparative study.
METHODS: A total of 60 eyes of 30 patients underwent femtosecond laser-assisted Refractive Lens Exchange (RLE). For every patient, capsulotomy centration was randomly performed according to pupil centre (PC) in one eye and first Purkinje reflex (FPR) in the other. The intraocular lens (IOL) positioning, visual acuities, spherical equivalent, internal aberrometry and quality of vision were assessed and compared at 3 years\' follow-up between groups (PC and FPR).
RESULTS: Intraocular lens positioning showed a statistically significant difference between groups, with a closer centration to the visual axis in the FPR patients (p < 0.001). Internal aberrometry showed higher values in the PC capsulotomy centration group (p < 0.01).
CONCLUSIONS: FPR centered capsulotomy is associated to a closer centration of the IOL to the visual axis.

The advent of femtosecond lasers has resulted in a new standard in cataract surgery, intended to overmatch the paradigm of conventional phacoemulsification. Femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery (FLACS) enables a higher level of reproducibility, precision, accuracy, and customization when performing several steps of cataract (or lens) surgery. Capsulotomy, corneal incisions, lens fragmentation, and arcuate incisions are the main procedures performed using FLACS. As the demand for better refractive outcomes and spectacle independence increases, the features of FLACS are highly relevant, especially when considering the implantation of premium intraocular lenses, such as toric, enhanced depth-of-focus, or multifocal lenses. The present article reviews the state of the art of femtosecond laser-assisted cataract (lens) surgery, contemplating the advantages and limitations of the two types of femtosecond laser pulses available (high and low energy) by evaluating their reported outcomes and complications.

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UNASSIGNED: Cataract is the world\'s leading eye disease that causes blindness. The prevalence of cataract aged 40 years and older is approximately 11.8%-18.8%. Currently, surgery is the only way to treat cataracts.
UNASSIGNED: From early intracapsular cataract extraction to extracapsular cataract extraction, to current phacoemulsification cataract surgery, the incision ranges from 12 to 3 ​mm, and sometimes to even 1.8 ​mm or less, and the revolution in cataract surgery is ongoing. Cataract surgery has transformed from vision recovery to refractive surgery, leading to the era of refractive cataract surgery, and premium intraocular lenses (IOLs) such as toric IOLs, multifocal IOLs, and extended depth-of-focus IOLs are being increasingly used to meet the individual needs of patients. With its advantages of providing better visual acuity and causing fewer complications, phacoemulsification is currently the mainstream cataract surgery technique worldwide. However, patient expectations for the safety and accuracy of the operation are continually increasing. Femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery (FLACS) has entered the public\'s field of vision. FLACS is a combination of new laser technology and artificial intelligence to replace fine manual clear corneal incision, capsulorhexis, and nuclear pre-fragmentation, providing new alternative technologies for patients and ophthalmologists. As FLACS matures, it is being increasingly applied in complex cases; however, some think it is not cost-effective. Although more than 26 million cataract surgeries are performed each year, there is still a gap in the prevalence of cataracts, especially in developing countries. Although cataract surgery is a nearly ideal procedure and complications are manageable, both patients and doctors dream of using drugs to cure cataracts. Is surgery really the only way to treat cataracts in the future? It has been verified by animal experiments that lanosterol therapy in rabbits and dogs could make cataract severity alleviated and lens transparency partially recovered. Although there is still much to learn about cataract reversal, this groundbreaking work provided a new strategy for the prevention and treatment of cataracts.
UNASSIGNED: Although cataract surgery is nearly ideal, it is still insufficient, we expect the prospects for cataract drugs to be bright.

UNASSIGNED: We evaluate the reduction of corneal astigmatism and the improvement of visual outcomes of this surgical method in the Indonesian population. We also assess the accuracy and predictability of using femtosecond laser astigmatic keratotomy (FLAK) combined with cataract surgery.
UNASSIGNED: In a retrospective study, a total of 275 subjects (78 with against-the-rule (ATR) astigmatism, 178 with with-the-rule (WTR) astigmatism, and 19 with oblique (OBL) astigmatism) with preexisting corneal astigmatism ranging from 0.75D to 3.00D underwent FLAK. All subjects completed a 3-month follow-up. The femtosecond laser used for creating paired AK 2.2 mm, primary incision, and paracentesis incision was the FEMTO Z8 NEO from Ziemer Ophthalmic System, Switzerland. The surgical approach was guided by the \"NAPA\" nomogram.
UNASSIGNED: The reduction in postoperative astigmatism was 56.90% for the WTR group, 49.46% for the ATR group, and 47.33% for the oblique group. A significant reduction in astigmatism was observed at the 1-week, 1-month, and 3-month follow-up intervals in both the WTR and ATR groups. The reduction in astigmatism was more favorable in cases of moderate astigmatism within the WTR group, as compared to the ATR and oblique groups. Postoperative astigmatism reduction was found to be more predictable in the right eye than in the left eye.
UNASSIGNED: The combination of FLAK can be considered as a potential method for reducing corneal astigmatism ranging from 1.00D to <3.00D. The highest reduction was observed in the WTR group, along with a higher rate of intended correction without astigmatism meridian shift in the right eye for the WTR group. However, factors such as cyclotorsion resulting from the surgical technique, alignment of docking, incision length, and preoperative astigmatism need to be taken into account for further enhancement and predictability of astigmatism reduction with this method.

Based on the Jilin Songyuan gas pipeline accident, FLACS software was used to numerically simulate its leakage and explosion process in order to study the change law of the equivalent gas cloud volume of gas leakage diffusion under various influencing factors. The simulation results were compared and analyzed with the accident investigation report in order to ensure the accuracy of the simulation results. On this premise, the three primary influencing factors-the obstacle distribution technique, the ambient wind speed magnitude, and the ambient temperature-are varied in order to study the equivalent gas cloud volume variation features of the leaking gas cloud. The findings indicate a positive association between the maximum equivalent gas cloud volume of the leaking gas cloud and the density of the obstacle distribution. There is a positive correlation between ambient wind speed and the equivalent gas cloud volume when the ambient wind speed is less than 5.0 m/s, and a negative correlation between ambient wind speed and the equivalent gas cloud volume when the ambient wind speed is greater than or equal to 5.0 m/s. A drop in Q8 is proportionately increased by around 5% for every 10 °C increase in ambient temperature when the temperature is below room temperature. There is a positive association between ambient temperature and the equivalent gas cloud volume Q8. When the temperature is higher than room temperature, the drop in Q8 is correspondingly increased by about 3% for every 10 °C increase in ambient temperature.

OBJECTIVE: To characterize the clinical features of cataract surgery performed after refractive surgery.
METHODS: In this study, 23 patients with cataracts (38 eyes) who underwent cataract surgery following refractive surgery at the Shenzhen Aier Eye Hospital between the years 2017 and 2021 were retrospectively included for analysis. The patients had either femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery (FLACS) combined with intraocular lens implantation (IOLI), or conventional phacoemulsification (Phaco) combined with IOLI. The type and power of an intraocular lens (IOL) were selected based on the ocular condition, needs, and living habits of patients. Intraoperative complications, postoperative intraocular pressure (IOP), uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), and postoperative refractive status were all recorded and analyzed.
RESULTS: The patients had a postoperative UCVA that was significantly better than the baseline (prior to operation), a postoperative IOP and diopter (D) similar to the baseline and a high level of postoperative satisfaction. The postoperative visual acuity, D and complication rate of FLACS+IOLI group were not significantly different from those of Phaco+IOLI group, and the IOP of the former was statistically lower than that of the latter.
CONCLUSIONS: FLACS with IOLI or conventional Phaco with IOLI is feasible for cataract patients who have undergone refractive surgery. In terms of IOL selection, multifocal, extended range of vision (ERV), or trifocal types can be selected to achieve the goal of lens removal after surgery, but the decision should be made based on the patient\'s specific eye condition, living needs, and economic circumstances. To achieve satisfactory curative effects, it is necessary to have a comprehensive understanding of the characteristics of the condition of such patients, to master the pre- and post-operative diagnosis and treatment methods, to accurately calculate the IOLP, to fully communicate with patients about their surgical expectations, and to develop feasible surgical plans.