背景:不良的心理健康和不良的童年经历(ACE)预测了青少年的广泛不良结局,包括慢性疾病和损伤的长期风险增加,情感发育受损,糟糕的学术成果。暴露在学校暴力中,特别是故意的枪支暴力,是越来越普遍的ACE。学校枪击事件的预期导致学校安全和安保干预措施的实施可能会增加焦虑,抑郁症,以及学生和教职员工心理健康不佳的其他指标。尽管如此,暴露于现有学校安全干预措施与青少年早期学生心理健康结果之间的关联,在考虑一个人的ACE历史时,以前没有调查过。
目的:本文描述的研究方案旨在确定心理健康结果的患病率是否存在显着差异,感知到的学校安全,以及经历过学校枪击事件的青少年学生(6-12年级)和没有经历过学校枪击事件的青少年学生之间的学术参与;促进学校安全和保障的现有干预措施是否与学生和学校工作人员的不良心理健康结果有关;以及在经历过学校枪击事件的学校与从未经历过学校枪击事件的学校中,学校安全干预措施与心理健康结果之间的联系强度。
方法:这项观察性研究将从全国范围的学生样本中收集横断面调查数据,教师,以及全美12所中学的校长。参与者来自6个随机选择的暴露学校,这些学校要么经历过最近(<2年前)的故意学校射击,要么经历过最近(>2年前)的故意学校射击。这些学校的数据正在与6所从未经历过学校枪击事件的中学进行直接比较。
结果:获得了机构审查委员会对该研究项目的批准,该研究随后于2024年1月开始其招募和数据收集阶段。目前正在进行数据收集,预计完成日期为2025年1月。该分析计划旨在确定学校安全干预措施与心理健康结果之间的关联强度是否在学校暴力暴露程度不同的学校中的学生和学校工作人员之间有所不同。分析将用于评估ACE对故意校园枪击事件之间关系的作用,接触学校安全策略,和学生成绩(即,心理健康和幸福,对学校安全的看法,和教育成果)。
结论:这项研究的结果有望在一定程度上产生有意义和新颖的发现,即先前的ACE历史可以缓和暴露于故意学校枪支暴力之间的关系,学校安全策略,和学生成绩(即,心理健康和幸福,和对学校安全的看法)。
背景:ClinicalTrials.govNCT06153316;https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06153316。
■DERR1-10.2196/56249。
BACKGROUND: Poor mental health and adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) predict extensive adverse outcomes in youth, including increases in long-term risk for chronic disease and injury, impaired emotional development, and poor academic outcomes. Exposure to school violence, specifically intentional gun violence, is an increasingly prevalent ACE. The anticipation of school shootings has led to the implementation of school safety and security interventions that may increase anxiety, depression, and other indicators of poor mental well-being among students and staff alike. Despite this, the association between exposure to existing school safety interventions and early adolescent student mental health outcomes, while accounting for one\'s history of ACEs, has not been previously investigated.
OBJECTIVE: The study protocol described here aims to determine whether there is a significant difference in the prevalence of mental health outcomes, perceived school safety, and academic engagement between adolescent students (grades 6-12) at schools who have experienced a school shooting and those who have not; whether existing interventions to promote school safety and security are associated with poor mental health outcomes among students and school staff; and what the strength of the association between school safety interventions and mental health outcomes among students and teachers is in schools that have experienced a school shooting versus schools that have never experienced a school shooting.
METHODS: This observational study will collect cross-sectional survey data from a nationwide sample of students, teachers, and principals at 12 secondary public schools across the United States. The participants come from 6 randomly selected exposure schools that have either experienced a recent (<2 years ago) intentional school shooting or have experienced an intentional school shooting less recently (>2 years ago). Data from these schools are being directly compared with 6 secondary schools that have never experienced a school shooting.
RESULTS: Institutional review board approval for this research project was obtained and the study subsequently began its recruitment and data collection phase in January 2024. Data collection is currently ongoing and the expected completion date is January 2025. The analytic plan is designed to determine if the strength of the association between school safety interventions and mental health outcomes differs among students and school staff in schools with varying levels of school violence exposure. Analyses will be used to evaluate the role of ACEs on the relationships among exposure to an intentional school shooting, exposure to school safety strategies, and student outcomes (ie, mental health and well-being, perceptions of school safety, and educational outcomes).
CONCLUSIONS: The results from this study promise to generate meaningful and novel findings on the extent to which having a prior history of ACEs moderates the relationships among exposure to intentional school gun violence, school safety strategies, and student outcomes (ie, mental health and well-being, and perceptions of school safety).
BACKGROUND: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT06153316; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06153316.
UNASSIGNED: DERR1-10.2196/56249.