对羟基苯甲酸酯,三氯生(TCS),双酚,二苯甲酮,和邻苯二甲酸酯是典型的内分泌干扰物(ED),在人体内半衰期短。在暴露评估研究中经常使用点尿液样本中这些ED的浓度水平,并且应考虑这些非持续性ED的尿液水平的可重复性。在本研究中,我们连续收集了45天的第一晨空(FMV)尿液样本,以及每日问卷,在六名招募的参与者中,测量了六种对羟基苯甲酸酯的尿浓度,TCS,九种双酚,五个二苯甲酮,利用高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定10种邻苯二甲酸酯代谢产物。MeP,EtP,PrP,TCS,BPA,BPS,BPF,并且经常检测到大多数邻苯二甲酸酯代谢物(超过62%的样品)。FMV尿液样本中ED浓度的组内相关系数(ICC)范围从MeP的一般到极好(0.683),EtP(0.702),BPA(0.505),BPS(0.908),BPF(0.887),BP-3(0.712),mMP(0.661),mEP(0.523),mBP(0.500),miBP(0.724),mBzP(0.961)和DEHP的所有代谢物(0.867-0.957),而PrP(0.321)和TCS(0.306)较低。肌酐调整后,大多数目标ED的ICC值增加,且轻度改善至显着改善.ED浓度的稳定性受日常饮食的影响(MeP,TCS,BPA,mMP,miBP,mBP和mBzP),食品容器(PrP和mECPP),使用个人护理产品(HMWP代谢物),药品(EtP)和记录的活动(BPS,mEHP,mBzP,mEHHP和mEOHP),正如一般的线性混合模型所证实的那样。此外,延长FMV采样周期提高了MeP的可接受再现性(ICC>0.40)的概率,EtP,BP-3和mEP浓度。对于BPS,BPF和HMWP代谢物浓度在最后三天显示出高概率(>80%)的可接受再现性,并且样本量的增加缓慢地提高了区分受试者的能力。对于BPA浓度,结果正好相反。
Parabens, triclosan (TCS), bisphenols, benzophenones, and phthalates are typical endocrine disruptors (EDs) with short half-lives in the human body. The concentration levels of those EDs in a spot urine sample are frequently used in exposure assessment studies, and the reproducibility of urinary levels of these nonpersistent EDs should be considered. In the present study, we consecutively collected 45-day first morning void (FMV) urine samples, as well as daily questionnaires, in six recruited participants and measured the urinary concentrations of six parabens, TCS, nine bisphenols, five benzophenones, and ten phthalate metabolites by using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. MeP, EtP, PrP, TCS, BPA, BPS, BPF, and most phthalate metabolites were frequently detected (over 62 % of samples). The intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) for ED concentrations in FMV urine samples ranged from fair to excellent for MeP (0.683), EtP (0.702), BPA (0.505), BPS (0.908), BPF (0.887), BP-3 (0.712), mMP (0.661), mEP (0.523), mBP (0.500), miBP (0.724), mBzP (0.961) and all metabolites of DEHP (0.867-0.957), whereas they were low for PrP (0.321) and TCS (0.306). After creatinine adjustment, the values of ICCs for most target EDs were increased with mild to significant improvement. The stability of ED concentrations was affected by daily diet (MeP, TCS, BPA, mMP, miBP, mBP and mBzP), food containers (PrP and mECPP), use of personal care products (HMWP metabolites), pharmaceuticals (EtP) and recorded activities (BPS, mEHP, mBzP, mEHHP and mEOHP), as confirmed by a general linear mixed model. Furthermore, extending the FMV sampling period improved the probability of acceptable reproducibility (ICCs > 0.40) of MeP, EtP, BP-3 and mEP concentrations. For BPS, BPF and HMWP metabolite concentrations showed high probabilities (>80 %) of acceptable reproducibility in the last three days, and the increasing sample size slowly improved the ability to discriminate the subjects. The results were exactly the opposite for BPA concentrations.