谷氨酸激活NMDAR,显著影响多个过程,如学习,记忆,突触整合,和中枢神经系统的兴奋性传递。NMDAR的不受控激活是突触功能障碍的重要原因。具有正常功能的NMDAR和突触对于维持神经元通信至关重要。此外,NMDAR和突触功能的功能障碍可能导致神经元水平的神经系统疾病的发展;因此,用拮抗剂靶向NMDAR对抗神经系统疾病是一种有希望的途径.最近发表的关于中风等不同类型脑部疾病的动物研究结果,癫痫,耳鸣,共济失调,老年痴呆症,帕金森病,和脊髓损伤已证明有希望的治疗范围。几种NMDA受体拮抗剂,比如美金刚,MK801氯胺酮,ifenprodil,加环利定,金刚烷胺,胍丁胺,等。,对不同的脑疾病小鼠模型显示出令人鼓舞的结果。鉴于神经元组织良好的NMDA受体系统的不同亚基的独特表达。它可能会导致开发专门针对某些受体亚型的药物。对于未来的研究员来说,开展更具针对性的研究和试验对于充分了解和开发具有良好临床效果和潜在神经保护特性的高度特异性药物至关重要。
Glutamate activates the NMDARs, significantly affecting multiple processes such as learning, memory, synaptic integration, and excitatory transmission in the central nervous system. Uncontrolled activation of NMDARs is a significant contributor to synaptic dysfunction. Having a properly functioning NMDAR and synapse is crucial for maintaining neuronal communication. In addition, the dysfunction of NMDAR and synapse function could contribute to the development of neurological disorders at the neuronal level; hence, targeting NMDARs with antagonists in the fight against neurological disorders is a promising route. Recently published results from the animal study on different kinds of brain diseases like stroke, epilepsy, tinnitus, ataxia, Alzheimer\'s disease, Parkinson\'s disease, and spinal cord injury have demonstrated promising therapeutic scopes. Several NMDA receptor antagonists, such as memantine, MK801, ketamine, ifenprodil, gacyclidine, amantadine, agmatine, etc., showed encouraging results against different brain disease mouse models. Given the unique expression of different subunits of the well-organized NMDA receptor system by neurons. It could potentially lead to the development of medications specifically targeting certain receptor subtypes. For a future researcher, conducting more targeted research and trials is crucial to fully understand and develop highly specific medications with good clinical effects and potential neuroprotective properties.