考虑到分子结构和功能的差异,比较了眼虫β-1,3-葡聚糖和酿酒酵母β-1,3/1,6-葡聚糖对犬免疫和炎症活性的影响。比较了四种饮食:不含β-葡聚糖(CON)的对照,0.15毫克/千克体重/天的β-1,3/1,6-葡聚糖(Β-Y15),0.15毫克/千克体重/天的β-1,3-葡聚糖(Β-S15),和0.30mg/kg体重/天的β-1,3-葡聚糖(B-S30)。32只健康的狗(每个饮食8只)以块设计组织。将所有动物饲喂CON持续42天的清除期,然后分类成四种饮食之一持续42天。在食物摄入期的开始和结束时收集血液和粪便,并分析血清和粪便细胞因子,体外产生过氧化氢(H2O2)和一氧化氮(NO),嗜中性粒细胞和单核细胞的吞噬活性,C反应蛋白(CRP),体外产生IgG,和粪便中IgA和钙卫蛋白的浓度。数据采用协方差分析进行评价,并采用Tukey检验进行比较(P<0.05)。喂食Β-Y15的狗显示出比喂食Β-S30的狗更高的血清IL-2(P<0.05)。在喂食B-S15饮食的狗中观察到单核细胞的吞噬指数高于喂食其他饮食的狗,B-S15和B-Y15的嗜中性粒细胞吞噬指数高于饲喂CON饮食的犬(P<0.05)。与CON和B-Y15组相比,饲喂B-S15和B-S30的狗的单核细胞产生更多的NO和更少的H2O2(P<0.05)。尽管在参考值中,饲喂B-S15和B-S30日粮的狗的CRP水平较高(P<0.05)。β-1,3/1,6-葡聚糖显示细胞介导的免疫系统激活,随着血清IL-2和中性粒细胞吞噬指数的增加,而β-1,3-葡聚糖通过增加单核细胞离体产生NO而作用于免疫系统,中性粒细胞吞噬指数,和血清CRP。钙卫蛋白和CRP水平不支持与β-葡聚糖摄入相关的炎症或其他健康问题。总之,两种β-葡聚糖来源都能调节狗的一些免疫和炎症参数,然而,已经提出了不同的途径来识别和作用这些分子,加强了进一步机理研究的必要性,特别是对于E.gracilisβ-1,3-葡聚糖。
Considering the differences in molecular structure and function, the effects of β-1,3-glucans from Euglena gracilis and β-1,3/1,6-glucans from Saccharomyces cerevisiae on immune and inflammatory activities in dogs were compared. Four diets were compared: control without β-glucans (CON), 0.15 mg/kg BW/day of β-1,3/1,6-glucans (Β-Y15), 0.15 mg/kg BW/day of β-1,3-glucans (Β-S15), and 0.30 mg/kg BW/day of β-1,3-glucans (Β-S30). Thirty-two healthy dogs (eight per diet) were organized in a block design. All animals were fed CON for a 42-day washout period and then sorted into one of four diets for 42 days. Blood and faeces were collected at the beginning and end of the food intake period and analysed for serum and faecal cytokines, ex vivo production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and nitric oxide (NO), phagocytic activity of neutrophils and monocytes, C-reactive protein (CRP), ex vivo production of IgG, and faecal concentrations of IgA and calprotectin. Data were evaluated using analysis of covariance and compared using Tukey\'s test (P<0.05). Dogs fed Β-Y15 showed higher serum IL-2 than dogs fed Β-S30 (P<0.05). A higher phagocytic index of monocytes was observed in dogs fed the B-S15 diet than in those fed the other diets, and a higher neutrophil phagocytic index was observed for B-S15 and B-Y15 than in dogs fed the CON diet (P<0.05). Monocytes from dogs fed B-S15 and B-S30 produced more NO and less H2O2 than those from the CON and B-Y15 groups (P<0.05). Despite in the reference value, CRP levels were higher in dogs fed B-S15 and B-S30 diets (P<0.05). β-1,3/1,6-glucan showed cell-mediated activation of the immune system, with increased serum IL-2 and neutrophil phagocytic index, whereas β-1,3-glucan acted on the immune system by increasing the ex vivo production of NO by monocytes, neutrophil phagocytic index, and serum CRP. Calprotectin and CRP levels did not support inflammation or other health issues related to β-glucan intake. In conclusion, both β-glucan sources modulated some immune and inflammatory parameters in dogs, however, different pathways have been suggested for the recognition and action of these molecules, reinforcing the necessity for further mechanistic studies, especially for E. gracilis β-1,3-glucan.