背景:自1960年代以来,独立生命运动要求个人援助作为残疾人获得自主权的权利。反过来,女权运动对提供者的照顾和形象表现出特别的关注。这两种姿势都在为残疾人提供个人援助和护理方面造成了紧张关系。
目的:了解和分析有关残疾人个人援助和护理方法的科学证据。
方法:使用五个数据库的综合文献综述:Dialnet,Scielo,PubMed,Scopus,和WebofScience。布尔组合是:“个人援助和残疾”;“个人援助和护理和残疾”;“护理和残疾”和“Asistencia个人和失能”;“Asistencia个人和cuidados和失能”;西班牙语中的“Cuidados和失能”。共获得31篇科学论文。然后进行了内容分析,出现了五个分析维度。
结果:文章探讨了个人援助的积极方面。其他人则认为需要更多资源,以免成为发达国家的专属现实。个人资料是由种族化的,年轻,移民女性作为(非正式)护理背后的身份。从女权主义残疾护理伦理的角度来看,提出了提供护理的新形式,通过改变个人和家庭责任的重点,走向社会和集体焦点。
结论:分析的证据考虑了个人援助和护理之间的认识论-政治张力的各个方面。两种观点之间的交汇点是相互依存和自主;一方面,对于残疾人来说,另一方面,对于被描述为主要照顾者的妇女来说。
BACKGROUND: Since the 1960s, the Independent Life Movement has demanded personal assistance as a right for people with disabilities to access autonomy. In turn, feminist movements have shown a special concern for the care and profile of the providers. Both postures have created tensions around the provision of personal assistance and care for people with disabilities.
OBJECTIVE: To know and analyze the scientific evidence regarding approaches to personal assistance and care for people with disabilities.
METHODS: An Integrative Literature Review using five databases: Dialnet, Scielo, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. The Boolean combinations were: \"Personal assistance AND disability\"; \"Personal assistance AND care AND disability\"; \"Care AND disability\" in English, and \"Asistencia personal AND discapacidad\"; \"Asistencia personal AND cuidados AND discapacidad\"; \"Cuidados AND discapacidad\" in Spanish. A total of 31 scientific articles were obtained. A content analysis was then, with five analysis dimensions emerging.
RESULTS: The articles approached the positive aspects of personal assistance. Others established the need for more resources in order to not be an exclusive reality for developed countries. Profiles were made of racialized, young, migrant women as the identity behind (informal) care. From the perspective of a feminist disability care ethic, new forms of providing care are proposed, by changing the focus from individual and family responsibility, towards a social and collective focus.
CONCLUSIONS: The evidence analyzed considers various dimensions of the epistemo-political tension between personal assistance and care. The meeting point between both perspectives is interdependence and autonomy; on the one side, for people with disabilities, and on the other, for the women profiled as the main caregivers.