■专家的认知专业知识一直是一个有趣的主题;与电子竞技相关的认知研究迅速增长。鉴于电子竞技活动和认知之间的紧密联系,电子竞技有望为理解认知专业知识提供新的视角。这项荟萃分析旨在定量描述电子竞技专家和业余爱好者之间的认知差异。
■专家组由专业视频游戏玩家和高级玩家(前1%)组成,而业余爱好者被分配到对照组。在数据库中系统地搜索了2000年1月至2023年12月之间发表的研究。使用具有聚类稳健方差估计的三水平模型来计算总体效应大小。调节变量包括专业水平,认知能力,因变量类型,游戏类型,性别和年龄。
■共有15项研究包含142个效应大小和1085名参与者被纳入该荟萃分析。结果表明,与业余爱好者相比,视频游戏专家表现出卓越的认知能力,效应大小较小(对冲=0.373,95%CI[0.055-0.691],p=.012)。专家和业余运动员之间的差异主要表现在空间认知和注意力上。敏感性分析,偏见的风险,发表偏倚结果表明了这些发现的可靠性.
■这项荟萃分析证实,与业余爱好者相比,电子竞技专家拥有优越的认知能力,特别是在空间认知和注意力方面。这些可以为今后电子竞技的选拔和培训提供有效的参考。
UNASSIGNED: The cognitive expertise of experts has been an intriguing theme; there has been rapid growth in cognitive research related to
esports. Given the close association between
esports activities and cognition,
esports holds promise in offering new perspectives for understanding cognitive expertise. This meta-analysis aims at quantitatively delineating the cognitive disparities between
esports experts and amateurs.
UNASSIGNED: The expert group comprised professional video game players and high-ranking players (top 1%), while amateurs were assigned to the control group. Research studies published between January 2000 and December 2023 were systematically searched in databases. A three-level model with cluster-robust variance estimation was used to calculate the overall effect size. The moderating variables included professional level, cognitive abilities, dependent variable type, game genre, gender and age.
UNASSIGNED: A total of 15 studies containing 142 effect sizes and 1085 participants were included in this meta-analysis. The results indicated that, compared to amateurs, video game experts demonstrated superior cognitive abilities with a small effect size (Hedges\' g = 0.373, 95% CI [0.055-0.691], p = .012). The differences between experts and amateur players mainly manifest in spatial cognition and attention. Sensitivity analysis, risk of bias, and publication bias results indicated the reliability of these findings.
UNASSIGNED: This meta-analysis confirms that
esports experts possess superior cognitive abilities compared to amateurs, particularly in aspects of spatial cognition and attention. These can provide an effective reference for future selection and training in
esports.