在实证分析中使用静态需求系统假设消费者在遇到冲击时立即调整到新的长期均衡路径。然而,调整并不总是瞬时的。本文利用误差校正线性近似理想需求系统(EC-LAAIDS)模型,使用年度数据分析了1976年至2020年印度尼西亚肉类和海鲜的进口需求。研究发现,同质性和对称性的理论限制在EC-LAAIDS模型中成立,但在长期模型中不成立。调整参数显示,进口羊肉对长期平衡的调整最慢,而所有其他肉类和海鲜的调整速度适中。该研究计算了短期和长期的收入弹性,表明进口牛肉在短期内是奢侈品,对收入变化反应最大。在短期内,进口家禽对收入变化反应最小。从长远来看,除进口海鲜和牛肉外,所有进口肉类都是奢侈品。需求的无补偿价格弹性表明,在短期内,除具有弹性需求的进口牛肉外,所有进口商品的需求都没有弹性。从长远来看,然而,进口牛肉和猪肉有弹性需求,而所有其他项目都没有弹性。补偿的交叉价格弹性发现,成对的进口商品之间存在大多数替代关系。最后,讨论了一些政策建议,比如对生产者的生产补贴。
The use of static-demand systems in empirical analysis assumes that consumers adjust immediately to a new long-run equilibrium path when a shock is encountered. However, adjustment is not always instantaneous. This paper utilizes an Error-Corrected Linear Approximate Almost Ideal Demand System (EC-LAAIDS) model to analyze the import demand for meat and seafood in Indonesia from 1976 to 2020 using annual data. The study found that the theoretical restrictions of homogeneity and symmetry held in the EC-LAAIDS model but did not in the long-run model. The adjustment parameter reveals that imported mutton had the slowest adjustment to long-run equilibrium, while all other meats and seafood had a moderate adjustment speed. The study calculated income elasticities for both the short- and long-run revealing that imported beef was a luxury good in the short-run and most responsive to changes in income. In the short-run, imported poultry was the least responsive to changes in income. In the long-run, all imported meats were found to be luxuries except for imported seafood and beef. Uncompensated price elasticity of demand reveals that in the short-run all imported items had inelastic demand except for imported beef which had elastic demand. In the long-run, however, imported beef and pork had elastic demand, while all other items were inelastic. Compensated cross-price elasticities found that mostly substitution relationships existed among pairs of imported commodities. Finally, a few policy suggestions were discussed, such as production subsidies to producers.