背景:心肺健康(CRF)是儿童和青春期健康的重要指标,但关于CRF从儿童到青春期的发展和跟踪的纵向研究很少。
目的:本研究的目的是(1)评估从儿童到青少年10年的纵向发育和跟踪CRF,(2)在此期间CRF的开发和跟踪中潜在的性别差异。
方法:参与者是1999年出生的冰岛儿童,测量年龄为7岁(n=190,106名女孩),9(n=163,95个女孩),15(n=239,134女孩),和17(n=202,119个女孩)。CRF用最大循环测力计测试进行评估,并表示为最大功率输出(MaxW)和相对于瘦质量的最大功率输出(W/kgLM)。采用多水平回归模型研究CRF的纵向发展,用Spearman的等级相关性评估跟踪,逻辑回归,参与者的百分比仍然很低,中度,或测量之间的高CRF类别。
结果:15岁以下男孩和女孩的最大W和W/kgLM增加。男孩和女孩的MaxW趋于稳定,而女孩的W/kgLM趋于稳定,但男孩的15至17岁下降。男孩从15岁开始的MaxW高于女孩,从9岁开始的W/kgLM更高。CRF从儿童期到青春期在低至中等水平和青春期在高水平跟踪,男孩比女孩观察到更高的值。
结论:15岁是CRF发展的关键时间点,女孩的价值观开始趋于平稳,男孩的价值观开始下降。结果支持早期干预以改善以后的CRF,针对所有儿童的干预措施,不管他们的CRF水平。
BACKGROUND: Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is an important indicator of health in childhood and adolescence but longitudinal studies on the development and tracking of CRF from childhood to adolescence are scarce.
OBJECTIVE: The objectives of this study were (1) to assess longitudinal development and track CRF over 10 years from childhood to adolescence, and (2) to examine potential sex differences in the development and tracking of CRF during this period.
METHODS: Participants were Icelandic children born in 1999, measured at the age of 7 (n = 190, 106 girls), 9 (n = 163, 95 girls), 15 (n = 239, 134 girls), and 17 (n = 202, 119 girls). CRF was assessed with a maximal cycle ergometer test and expressed as maximal power output (Max W) and maximal power output relative to lean mass (W/kgLM). Multilevel regression models were used to study the longitudinal development of CRF, and tracking was assessed with Spearman\'s rank correlation, logistic regression, and the percentage of participants remaining in low, moderate, or high CRF categories between measurements.
RESULTS: Max W and W/kgLM increased for both boys and girls up to age 15. Max W plateaued for both boys and girls while W/kgLM plateaued for girls but declined for boys from age 15 to 17. Boys had higher Max W than girls from age 15 and higher W/kgLM from age 9. CRF tracked at low to moderate levels from childhood to adolescence and at high levels in adolescence, with higher values observed for boys than girls.
CONCLUSIONS: Age 15 was a critical time point in the development of CRF, with values starting to plateau for girls and decline for boys. The results support early intervention for improved CRF in later years, with interventions targeting all children, regardless of their CRF level.