目的:该研究旨在确定具有中央颞区棘波(SeLECTS)的自限性癫痫患者中注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)的患病率,以及与这种合并症相关的电临床特征和使用心理测验的神经认知效应。此外,我们分析了ADHD患者的电生理结果和神经认知状态,以评估ADHD人群中癫痫的患病率和神经认知效应,并评估其临床特征.
方法:本研究纳入年龄和性别匹配的诊断为SeLECT和ADHD的患者。电生理试验,心理测验,我们分析了年龄在7~13岁的SeLECTS患者和年龄相似的ADHD患者的人口统计学和临床特征.这项研究检查了电生理和心理测验,以及人口统计学和临床特征。两组均使用韦氏儿童智力量表(WISC-R)进行测试,Stroop颜色和文字测试(SCWT),和EEG(脑电图)。SeLECT组还接受了Bender视觉运动格式塔测试。
结果:在年龄和性别方面,SeLECT组和ADHD组之间没有发现显著关系。在ADHD组中,未诊断为癫痫的EEG发现中的癫痫样放电率为5.6%(n=2)。SeLECTS组的ADHD发生率为28%(n=11)。尽管WISCR测试的所有小节在ADHD患者组中都高于SeLECTS患者组,只有言语智商和总智商表现出显著差异。在完成时间之间没有发现显着差异,错误率,两组SCWT切片的校正平均值。表现智商之间没有发现显著的相关性,言语智商,孤立的SeLECTS患者组或SeLECTS+ADHD患者组的总智力评分(p>0.05)。然而,值得注意的是,两组的言语智商均低于正常水平,而SeLECT+ADHD组略低。此外,SeLECT+ADHD组的平均SeWT完成时间明显长于单独的SeLECT组.然而,在Bender格式塔视觉运动感知测试中没有发现显着差异。在比较孤立的SELECTS的心理测量分析中,SLECT+ADHD,多动症患者群体,SeLECT+ADHD组的SCWT完成时间明显长于其他两组.ADHD组的言语智商得分明显高于其他两组。
结论:结论:虽然SeLECTS通常被认为是一种良性的癫痫,我们的研究发现ADHD合并症的发生率很高.这种情况对言语智力和持续注意力有负面影响,强调在癫痫诊断阶段进行完整的神经心理学评估的重要性。至关重要的是,不要忽视ADHD诊断的可能性。
OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to determine the prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in patients with self-limiting epilepsy with centrotemporal spike wave (SeLECTS), as well as the electroclinical features associated with this comorbid condition and the neurocognitive effects using psychometric tests. Additionally, we analysed the electrophysiological findings and neurocognitive status of patients with ADHD to estimate the prevalence of epilepsy and neurocognitive effects in the ADHD population and evaluate their clinical features.
METHODS: The study included patients diagnosed with SeLECTS and ADHD who were matched for age and gender. Electrophysiological tests, psychometric tests, demographic and clinical characteristics of SeLECTS patients aged 7-13 years and ADHD patients of similar age were analysed. The study examined electrophysiological and psychometric tests, as well as demographic and clinical characteristics. Both groups underwent testing using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-R), Stroop Colour and Word Test (SCWT), and EEG (Electroencephalogram). The SeLECTS group also underwent the Bender Visual-Motor Gestalt Test.
RESULTS: No significant relationship was found between the SeLECTS and ADHD groups in terms of age and gender. The rate of epileptiform discharge in EEG findings without a diagnosis of epilepsy was 5.6 % (n = 2) in the ADHD group. The rate of ADHD in the SeLECTS group was 28 % (n = 11). Although all subsections of the WISCR test were higher in the ADHD patient group than in the SeLECTS patient group, only verbal IQ and total IQ showed a significant difference. No significant differences were found between the completion times, error rates, and correction averages of the SCWT sections in both groups. There was no significant correlation found between the performance IQ, verbal IQ, and total intelligence scores in either the isolated SeLECTS patient group or the SeLECTS + ADHD patient group (p > 0.05). However, it is worth noting that verbal IQ was below normal in both groups and slightly lower in the SeLECT + ADHD group. Additionally, the mean SCWT completion time was significantly longer in the SeLECT + ADHD group than in the isolated SeLECTS group. However, no significant difference was found in the Bender Gestalt Visual Motor Perception Test. In the psychometric analyses comparing the isolated SeLECTS, SeLECT + ADHD, and ADHD patient groups, the SCWT completion times were significantly longer in the SeLECT + ADHD group than in the other two groups. The verbal IQ score was significantly higher in the ADHD group than in the other two groups.
CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, although SeLECTS is commonly considered a benign form of epilepsy, our study found a high rate of comorbidity with ADHD. This condition has a negative impact on verbal intelligence and sustained attention, highlighting the importance of a complete neuropsychological evaluation at the stage of epilepsy diagnosis. It is crucial not to overlook the possibility of an ADHD diagnosis.