熊果苷,对苯二酚的糖基化化合物,基于糖苷键的构型,以β-熊果苷和α-熊果苷的两种形式存在。作为一种安全稳定的增白剂,熊果苷广泛用于化妆品,它有抗氧化剂,抗菌,抗炎,和抗肿瘤活性。通过植物提取生产熊果苷面临着诸如长植物生长期,复杂的提取过程,和低收益率。熊果苷的化学合成受到苛刻的反应条件的影响,差的立体选择性,和低收益率。近年来,由于反应条件简单温和,生物合成成为生产熊果苷最流行的方法,低成本,和环境友好。本文综述了熊果苷四种生物合成策略的研究进展,包括植物转化,酶催化,全细胞催化,和微生物发酵。讨论了这些生物合成策略的优点和局限性。并提出了未来的研究方向。
Arbutin, a glycosylated compound of hydroquinone, exists in two forms of β-arbutin and α-arbutin based on the configuration of the glycosidic bond. As a safe and stable whitening agent, arbutin is widely used in cosmetics, and it has antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor activities. The production of arbutin by plant extraction faces challenges such as long plant growth periods, complex extraction processes, and low yields. The chemical synthesis of arbutin suffers from harsh reaction conditions, poor stereo-selectivity, and low yields. In recent years, biosynthesis emerges as the most popular method to produce arbutin because of the simple and mild reaction conditions, low costs, and environmental friendliness. This review summarizes the research progress in four biosynthetic strategies for arbutin, including plant conversion, enzyme catalysis, whole-cell catalysis, and microbial fermentation. The advantages and limitations of these biosynthetic strategies are discussed, and future research directions are proposed.