随着人口密度的增加,环境卫生和公共卫生变得越来越严重。作为居民逗留时间最长、对身心健康影响最深远的空间,城市社区的环境质量在很大程度上决定了居民参与体育活动的程度,承担污染暴露的风险,并获得健康的食物。因此,为了确保居民的身心健康,这项研究提出了以环境卫生和公共卫生为指导的社区规划,并为此建立了环境卫生评价体系。该系统从四个方面对社区环境进行评价:土地利用、服务设施,现场便利,和环境质量。建立了多样性,密度,道路网络连通性和设施可达性九项标准,以及混合的土地功能,地块比率,食物环境,网络环α和连通β指数,路面风险等级,绿色配置和邻里物质环境无序度27个指标构建了社区环境评价指标体系。数据是通过实地调查收集的,问卷分发,居民访谈和数据映射,建立的评价指标体系对社区建设环境进行评价。实验研究数据包括人口数据,CAD计划,土地利用数据,街道数据,POI点数据,建筑数据和公交车站数据,等。发放了273份问卷,264人被回收,删除了8份无效问卷,获得有效问卷256份。这些实验证实了土地利用,服务设施,现场便利,和环境质量对社区的建筑环境有重大影响,冲击重量分别为0.513、0.227、0.135和0.125。上述权重是基于指数判断矩阵和特征向量计算的。土地利用的分数,服务设施,现场便利,研究对象的环境质量分别为3.44、1.46、0.94和0.51,其中,用地得分小于3.85,1服务设施得分小于1.71,场地便利得分小于1.01,环境质量得分小于0.94;说明社区存在用地类型单一等严重问题,污染暴露,很难获得健康的食物。因此,基于土地利用的社区规划和改造,服务设施,场地便利,和环境质量可以有效改善居民的身心健康。在具体的社区改造方案中,人工智能和数据驱动方法可用于优化土地利用计划,服务设施配置,场地便利性改造和环境质量改善,从而制定最优的社区改造方案,提高社区居民的舒适度和幸福感。在未来,在已有研究的基础上,社区类型的选择将进一步丰富,研究案例将得到扩大。并通过对案例的深入实践研究,对构建的评价指标体系进行了优化和完善,使其更加科学。同时,随着城市更新和设计进入存量规划时代,基于较为完善的评价指标体系,对有公共卫生问题的建成社区进行更具体和详细的系统讨论,为今后建设更好、健康的生活环境提供更细致的服务。
As population density increases, environmental hygiene and public health become increasingly severe. As the space where residents stay for the longest time and have the most profound impact on their physical and mental health, the quality of the environment in urban communities largely determines the degree to which residents engage in physical activity, bear the risk of pollution exposure, and obtain healthy food. Therefore, in order to ensure the physical and mental health of residents, this study proposes community planning guided by environmental hygiene and public health, and establishes an environmental health assessment system for this purpose. This system evaluates the community environment from four aspects: land use, service facilities, site convenience, and environmental quality. Established the diversity, density, road network connectivity and facilities accessibility nine criteria, as well as the land function of mix, plot ratio, food environment, network ring α and connected β index, pavement risk level, green configuration and neighborhood material environment disorder degree of 27 indicators of community built environmental evaluation index system. The data is collected through field survey, questionnaire distribution, resident interview and data mapping, and the established evaluation index system is used to evaluate the construction environment of the community. The experimental research data included population data, CAD plan, land use data, street data, POI point data, building data and bus station data, etc. 273 questionnaires were distributed, 264 were recovered, 8 invalid questionnaires were removed, and 256 valid questionnaires were obtained. These experiments confirm that land use, service facilities, site convenience, and environmental quality have a significant impact on the built environment of communities, with impact weights of 0.513, 0.227, 0.135, and 0.125, respectively. The above weights are calculated based on the index judgment matrix and the eigenvectors. The scores of land use, service facilities, site convenience, and environmental quality for the study subjects were 3.44, 1.46, 0.94, and 0.51, respectively, among them, the land use score is less than 3.85, the 1 service facility score is less than 1.71, the site convenience score is less than 1.01, and the environmental quality score is less than 0.94; indicating that the community has serious problems such as single land use types, pollution exposure, and difficulty in obtaining healthy food. Therefore, community planning and transformation based on land use, service facilities, venue convenience, and environmental quality can effectively improve the physical and mental health of residents. In the specific community transformation plan, artificial intelligence and data-driven methods can be used to optimize the land use plan, service facility configuration, site convenience transformation and environmental quality improvement, so as to formulate the optimal community transformation plan and improve the comfort and happiness of community residents. In the future, on the basis of the existing research, the selection of community types will be further enriched and the research cases will be expanded. And through the in-depth practical study of the case, the constructed evaluation index system is optimized and improved to make it more scientific. At the same time, as urban renewal and design have entered the era of stock planning, based on the more perfect evaluation index system, more specific and detailed system discussion of the built communities with public health problems, in order to provide more detailed services for the construction of a better and healthy living environment in the future.