苦豆子,中国西北干旱半干旱地区的多年生草本植物,具有防风固沙的生态功能和较高的药用价值。近年来,全球变暖和人类活动导致了S.alopecuroides适宜栖息地的变化,这可能会影响天然产物的积累。在这项研究中,利用MaxEnt3.4和ArcGIS10.4软件预测了气候变化下中国潜在适宜沙棘生境的分布。此外,受人类活动影响的沙棘的地理分布,不同适宜生境下沙棘天然产物含量的差异,分析了天然产物与环境因子的相关性。结果表明,预计未来沙棘的适宜栖息地将扩大,主要环境因素是温度(Bio1),降雨量(Bio18),和土壤pH(pH)。当Bio1、Bio18和pH为8.4283°C时,7.1968mm,和9.9331,分别沙棘的分布概率(P)最高。加入人类活动因子后,提高了模型预测结果的准确性,适宜栖息地的面积大大减少,显示了一个支离破碎的模式。同时,生境适宜性对S.alopecuroides中天然产物的含量有特定的影响。具体来说,野生生境中沙棘的天然产物含量高于人工栽培,高度适宜的生境比非高度适宜的生境含量高。总生物碱和总黄酮含量与人类活动呈正相关,与土地利用类型呈负相关。其中,总生物碱与方面呈负相关,总黄酮与方面呈正相关。此外,建议新疆应成为中国沙棘的优先种植区,并应优先考虑阿拉善地区的保护措施。总的来说,本研究为沙棘优先种植区域的确定和资源保护提供了重要依据。
Sophora alopecuroides L., a perennial herb in the arid and semi-arid regions of northwest China, has the ecological functions of windbreaking and sand fixation and high medicinal value. In recent years, global warming and human activities have led to changes in suitable habitats for S. alopecuroides, which may affect the accumulation of natural products. In this study, MaxEnt 3.4 and ArcGIS 10.4 software were used to predict the distribution of potentially suitable habitats for S. alopecuroides in China under climate change. Furthermore, the geographical distribution of S. alopecuroides as affected by human activities, the differences in the content of natural products of S. alopecuroides between different suitable habitats, and the correlation between natural products and environmental factors were analyzed. The results showed that suitable habitats for S. alopecuroides were projected to expand in the future, and the major environmental factors were temperature (Bio1), rainfall (Bio18), and soil pH (pH). When Bio1, Bio18, and pH were 8.4283 °C, 7.1968 mm, and 9.9331, respectively, the distribution probability (P) of S. alopecuroides was the highest. After adding a human activity factor, the accuracy of the model prediction results was improved, and the area of suitable habitats was greatly reduced, showing a fragmented pattern. Meanwhile, habitat suitability had a specific effect on the content of natural products in S. alopecuroides. Specifically, the content of natural products in S. alopecuroides in wild habitats was higher than that in artificial cultivation, and highly suitable habitats showed higher contents than those in non-highly suitable habitats. The contents of total alkaloids and total flavonoids were positively correlated with human activities and negatively correlated with land use types. Among them, total alkaloids were negatively correlated with aspect, and total flavonoids were positively correlated with aspect. In addition, it is suggested that Xinjiang should be the priority planting area for S. alopecuroides in China, and priority should be given to protection measures in the Alashan area. Overall, this study provides an important foundation for the determination of priority planting areas and resource protection for S. alopecuroides.