背景:Monochamussaltuarius是松树林的破坏性树干bore,是松树线虫(PWN)的有效传播媒介,松树枯萎病(PWD)的病原体,导致重大生态灾难。寒冷的冬季温度决定了昆虫的生存和分布。然而,关于盐藻的耐寒性和潜在的生理机制知之甚少。
结果:我们证明了死的红松树干不能为幼虫提供绝缘。Saltuarius幼虫是耐冻物种。与大多数其他耐冻昆虫不同,他们可以通过增加过冷点来在较高的零下温度下主动冷冻细胞外液。幼虫越冬的主要能量来源是糖原和中后期转换为脂质。水平衡显示自由水的减少和结合水的少量增加。冷应激促进脂质过氧化,从而激活抗氧化系统以防止寒冷引起的氧化损伤。我们发现了与冷应激相关的8个主要途径和39个重要的代谢产物,其中十种是冷冻保护剂,包括麦芽糖,UDP-葡萄糖,d-果糖6P,半乳糖醇,dulcitol,肌醇,山梨醇,l-蛋氨酸,肌氨酸,和D-脯氨酸.Saltuarius幼虫在其体液冻结时参与双重呼吸过程,涉及厌氧和需氧途径。半胱氨酸和蛋氨酸代谢,以及丙氨酸,天冬氨酸,和谷氨酸代谢,是与抗氧化和能量生产相关的最重要的途径。
结论:我们的研究结果可能有助于加强和补充监测的管理策略,检疫,控制这种害虫,从而有助于控制PWD的进一步传播。©2024化学工业学会。
BACKGROUND: Monochamus saltuarius is a destructive trunk-borer of pine forest and an effective dispersal vector for pinewood nematode (PWN), a causative agent of pine wilt disease (PWD), which leads to major ecological disasters. Cold winter temperatures determine insect survival and distribution. However, little is known about the cold tolerance and potential physiological mechanisms of M. saltuarius.
RESULTS: We demonstrated that dead Pinus koraiensis trunks do not provide larvae with insulation. The M. saltuarius larvae are freeze-tolerant species. Unlike most other freeze-tolerant insects, they can actively freeze extracellular fluid at higher subzero temperatures by increasing their supercooling points. The main energy sources for larvae overwintering are glycogen and the mid-late switch to lipid. The water balance showed a decrease in free and an increase in bound water of small magnitude. Cold stress promoted lipid peroxidation, thus activating the antioxidant system to prevent cold-induced oxidative damage. We found eight main pathways linked to cold stress and 39 important metabolites, ten of which are cryoprotectants, including maltose, UDP-glucose, d-fructose 6P, galactinol, dulcitol, inositol, sorbitol, l-methionine, sarcosine, and d-proline. The M. saltuarius larvae engage in a dual respiration process involving both anaerobic and aerobic pathways when their bodily fluids freeze. Cysteine and methionine metabolism, as well as alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism, are the most important pathways linked to antioxidation and energy production.
CONCLUSIONS: The implications of our findings may help strengthen and supplement the management strategies for monitoring, quarantine, and control of this pest, thereby contributing to controlling the further spread of PWD. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.