■生酮饮食和酮补充剂在耐力跑步者中已经很受欢迎,因为它们所声称的效果:通过在长时间跑步期间增加身体脂肪储备或外部酮体的利用,可能会延迟疲劳的发作。
■进行了这项系统评价,以评估生酮饮食(每天>60%脂肪和<10%碳水化合物/<50g碳水化合物)或酮补充剂(酮酯或酮盐,中链甘油三酸酯或1,3-丁二醇)对耐力跑步者的有氧表现。
■在PubMed中进行了系统搜索,WebofScience,专业任务,和ScienceDirect的出版物截至2023年10月。
■在2名评审员进行独立筛选后,纳入了有关生酮饮食或酮补充剂对成年耐力跑步者有氧表现影响的人体研究。
■系统评价。
■3级。
■主要结果是有氧表现的标志物(最大摄氧量[VO2max],比赛时间,疲惫的时间和感知的努力速度)。
■VO2max是通过递增测试来评估的。耐力表现是通过时间试验评估的,180分钟的跑步试验,或跑到力竭试验;包括5项关于生酮饮食的研究和7项关于酮补充剂的研究,涉及132名耐力跑步者。尽管研究设计和方案存在异质性,与对照组相比,没有报道生酮饮食或酮补充剂对某些有氧表现标志物的益处。在一些关于生酮饮食的纳入研究中报道了在保持瘦体重和改善血糖控制的同时减少体重和脂肪。
■这篇综述没有发现生酮饮食或酮补充剂对耐力跑步者的有氧表现有任何明显的优点或缺点。更大样本量的进一步试验,更多性别平衡的参与者,更长的生酮饮食干预,和代谢健康的随访是必要的。
UNASSIGNED: Ketogenic diets and ketone supplements have gained popularity among endurance runners given their purported effects: potentially delaying the onset of fatigue by enabling the increased utilization of the body\'s fat reserve or external ketone bodies during prolonged running.
UNASSIGNED: This systematic review was conducted to evaluate the effects of ketogenic diets (>60% fat and <10% carbohydrates/<50 g carbohydrates per day) or ketone supplements (ketone esters or ketone salts, medium-chain triglycerides or 1,3-butadiol) on the aerobic performance of endurance runners.
UNASSIGNED: A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Pro Quest, and Science Direct for publications up to October 2023.
UNASSIGNED: Human studies on the effects of ketogenic diets or ketone supplements on the aerobic performance of adult endurance runners were included after independent screening by 2 reviewers.
UNASSIGNED: Systematic review.
UNASSIGNED: Level 3.
UNASSIGNED: Primary outcomes were markers of aerobic performance (maximal oxygen uptake [VO2max], race time, time to exhaustion and rate of perceived exertion).
UNASSIGNED: VO2max was assessed by incremental test to exhaustion. Endurance performance was assessed by time trials, 180-minute running trials, or run-to-exhaustion trials; 5 studies on ketogenic diets and 7 studies on ketone supplements involving a total of 132 endurance runners were included. Despite the heterogeneity in study design and protocol, none reported benefits of ketogenic diets or ketone supplements on selected markers of aerobic performance compared with controls. Reduction in bodyweight and fat while preserving lean mass and improved glycemic control were reported in some included studies on ketogenic diets.
UNASSIGNED: This review did not identify any significant advantages or disadvantages of ketogenic diets or ketone supplements for the aerobic performance of endurance runners. Further trials with larger sample sizes, more gender-balanced participants, longer ketogenic diet interventions, and follow-up on metabolic health are warranted.