Objective: To examine the safety and efficacy of the uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic decortication in treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis empyema. Methods: From January 2018 to December 2020, 122 cases of tuberculous empyema treated by decortication in Department of Surgery, Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital were retrospectively analyzed, including 100 males and 22 females, aged(M(IQR)) 29.5(28.0) years (range: 13 to 70 years). According to the surgical approach and drug resistance, patients with drug-resistant tuberculosis who underwent uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic decortication were included in group A (n=22), and those who underwent thoracotomy decortication were included in group B (n=28). Drug-sensitive patients who underwent uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic decortication were included in group C (n=72). There was no statistical difference in the baseline data of the three groups (P>0.05). The operation, early postoperative recovery, and prognosis-related indicators were compared among three groups by Kruskal-Wallis test and χ2 test by Mann-Whitney U test and Bonferroni method between groups A and B, groups A and C. Results: The intraoperative blood loss of group A, group B, and group C was 200(475) ml, 300(200) ml, and 225(300) ml, respectively. There was no significant difference in intraoperative hemorrhage (H=2.74, P=0.254) and treatment outcome (χ2=4.76, P=0.575) among the three groups. Compared with group B, the operation time of group A (302.5(187.5) minutes vs. 200.0(60.0) minutes, U=171.0, P=0.007) and postoperative pulmonary reexpansion duration (4.5(3.0) months vs. 3.0 (2.2) months, U=146.5, P=0.032) were longer, and the postoperative drainage duration (9.5(7.8) days vs. 13.0(10.0) days, U=410.0, P=0.044), and the postoperative hospitalization time (12.0(7.8) days vs. 14.5(4.8) days, U=462.2, P=0.020) were shorter. There was no significant difference in complications between group A and group B (63.6%(14/22) vs. 71.4%(20/28), χ2=0.34, P=0.558). Compared with group C, the postoperative drainage duration of group A (9.5(7.8) days vs. 7.0(4.0) days, U=543.5, P=0.031), the postoperative hospitalization time (12.0(7.8) days vs. 9.0(4.0) days, U=533.0, P=0.031) and postoperative pulmonary reexpansion duration (4.5(3.0) months vs. 3.0(2.0) months, U=961.5, P=0.001) were longer. The operation time (302.5(187.5) minutes vs. 242.5(188.8) minutes, U=670.5, P=0.278), and complications (63.6%(14/22) vs. 40.3%(29/72), χ2=3.70, P=0.054) were not different between group A and group C. Conclusions: For drug-resistant tuberculous empyema, the uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic decortication can achieve the same good therapeutic effect as drug-sensitive tuberculous empyema, and it is as safe as thoracotomy. At the same time, it has the advantage of minimally invasive and can accelerate the early postoperative recovery of patients.
目的: 探讨单孔胸腔镜纤维板剥脱术治疗耐药结核性脓胸的安全性和疗效。 方法: 回顾性分析2018年1月至2020年12月在武汉市肺科医院外科行纤维板剥脱术治疗的122例结核性脓胸患者的资料,男性100例,女性22例,年龄[M(IQR)]29.5(28.0)岁(范围:13~70岁)。根据手术入路和是否耐药,将患者分为三组,单孔耐药组(22例,行单孔胸腔镜纤维板剥脱术)、开胸耐药组(28例,行开胸纤维板剥脱术)、单孔敏感组(72例,行单孔胸腔镜纤维板剥脱术)。三组间手术和预后指标比较采用Kruskal-Wallis 检验、χ2检验两两比较采用Mann-Whitney U检验或Bonferroni法。 结果: 单孔耐药组、开胸耐药组和单孔敏感组的术中出血量[200(475)ml比300(200)ml比225(300)ml,H=2.74,P=0.254]和治疗效果(χ2=4.76,P=0.575)无明显差异。单孔耐药组比开胸耐药组有更长的手术时间和术后肺复张时间[302.5(187.5)min比200.0(60.0)min,U=171.0,P=0.007;4.5(3.0)个月比3.0(2.2)个月,U=146.5,P=0.032],更短的术后引流时间和术后住院时间[9.5(7.8)d比13.0(10.0)d,U=410.0,P=0.044;12.0(7.8)d比14.5(4.8)d,U=462.2,P=0.020],两组并发症发生率的差异无统计学意义[63.6%(14/22)比71.4%(20/28),χ2=0.34,P=0.558]。单孔耐药组比单孔敏感组有更长的术后引流时间[9.5(7.8)d比7.0(4.0)d,U=543.5,P=0.031]、术后住院时间[12.0(7.8)d比9.0(4.0)d,U=533.0,P=0.031]和术后肺复张时间[4.5(3.0)个月比3.0(2.0)个月,U=961.5,P=0.001],两组手术时间[302.5(187.5)min比242.5(188.8)min,U=670.5,P=0.278]和并发症发生率[63.6%(14/22)比40.3%(29/72),χ2=3.70,P=0.054]无差异。 结论: 对于耐药结核性脓胸,单孔胸腔镜纤维板剥脱术可以获得与药物敏感结核性脓胸相当的治疗效果,患者恢复状况良好。.