OBJECTIVE: This study aims to investigate the prevalence of Takotsubo syndrome (TTS) as a percentage of the total number of acute coronary syndrome (ACS), including non-STE-elevation myocardial infarction and ST-elevation myocardial infarction, as well as the short-term outcome of TTS patients before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.
RESULTS: We compared patients from two different periods: (i) Period 1 (before the COVID-19 pandemic): 1 March to 30 December 2019, and (ii) Period 2 (during the COVID-19 pandemic): 1 March to 30 December 2020. The retrospective database was created from the archives of the participating hospitals or electronic hospital systems by trained medical personnel. The subjects\' medical history, cardiovascular risk factors, laboratory values, echocardiography findings, and an in-hospital outcome were variables of interest. Furthermore, propensity score matching analysis was performed to evaluate the short-term prognosis in TTS and ACS patients. Altogether six Austrian centres-(i) 3rd Medical Department of Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Clinic Ottakring, Vienna, Austria; (ii) 5th Medical Department of Cardiology, Clinic Favoriten, Vienna, Austria; (iii) 2nd Medical Department, Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria; (iv) University Clinic of Internal Medicine III, Cardiology and Angiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; (v) Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Graz, Graz, Austria; (vi) Department of Cardiology and Intensive Medicine, Kepler University Clinic, Linz, Austria-participated in the study. During period 1, 87 (3.5%) patients out of 2482 ACS patients had TTS in all participating centres. During period 2, 71 (2.7%) patients out of 2572 ACS patients had TTS in all participating centres. Accordingly, the prevalence of TTS remained stable irrespective of potential psychologic stress during the COVID pandemic. Furthermore, the baseline characteristics of TTS patients did not change during the COVID-19 pandemic. The prevalence of in-hospital complications [cardiogenic shock (4.6% vs. 4.3%, P = 0.925), ventricle thrombus (1.1% vs. 1.4%, P = 0.885) and in-hospital bleeding (3.4% vs. 1.4%, P = 0.417)] remained stable. The all-cause in-hospital mortality of TTS patients did not change during the COVID-19 pandemic [χ2 (2) = 0.058, P = 0.810]. Moreover, a propensity score matching analysis of all-cause in-hospital mortality between matched TTS and ACS patients showed higher in-hospital mortality in ACS patients during COVID-19 pandemic (P = 0.043).
CONCLUSIONS: Despite the well-known increased psychologic stress during the COVID-19 pandemic, the prevalence of TTS during the COVID-19 pandemic and the short-term clinical outcome in Austria remained unimpacted.

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BACKGROUND: The association between cardiovascular events, such as acute coronary syndrome and emotional triggers, such as football world cups is well-known. Significant differences could sometimes be identified depending on the country of origin and design of the study. From an ophthalmological perspective the correlation between pre-existing cardiovascular diseases and retinal angiopathy is well-known. This study investigated whether the incidence of retinal vein occlusion (RVO) at a German university eye clinic increased during and 4 weeks after the 2014 football World Cup.
METHODS: From the electronic files of almost 290,000 patients contained in the Smart Eye database, those with RVO during and 4 weeks after the 2014 football World Cup (from 12 June to 13 August 2014) and during the same time period in 2013 could be identified. Demographic data, visual acuity, intraocular pressure (IOP) and laboratory parameters were extracted and compared, when available.
RESULTS: From 10 male (average age 68 years) and 8 female (average age 62 years) a total of 9 central RVO (CRVO), 8 branch RVO (BRVO) and 1 hemi-CRVO were identified in 2013 with a visual acuity ranging from 0.05 to 0.9 (average 0.39) and an IOP from 12 mmHg to 25 mmHg (average 16 mmHg). In 2014 a total of 26 patients (11 male average age 67 years and 15 female average age 76 years) were identified, an increase of 69 % (15 CRVO, 6 BRVO and 5 hemi-CRVO). The visual acuity ranged from 0.05 to 1.0 (average 0.63) and the IOP from 8 mmHg to 24 mmHg (average 15 mmHg).
CONCLUSIONS: Due to the high comparability of the patient collectives an increase of RVO during and 4 weeks after the 2014 football World Cup could be identified, compared to the same period in 2013. It can be assumed that emotional strain caused by a World Cup is a risk factor. Data from other centers have to be assessed in order to be able to make a more general statement.