目的:本文解决了卫生部门数字化过程中出现的各种问题。健康数据的通信和可用性,健康登记册,电子健康记录,考虑了传输数据和获取健康数据进行研究的同意程序。
方法:该研究基于对居住在德国的成年人的随机样本进行的计算机辅助电话调查(双帧)。数据收集于2022年6月1日至6月27日期间(n=1,308)。
结果:关于向健康保险公司传输健康数据的知识水平很好,而中央死亡的存在-,疫苗接种和健康登记以及治疗医生对健康数据的访问被高估了。医疗登记的普遍接受度非常高。一半的人口不熟悉电子健康记录,使用它的意愿相当低。传输数据时,首选选择加入程序,超过百分之八十的人会在他们的电子健康档案中发布数据用于研究目的。四分之三的人同意将他们的健康数据移交给一般研究,特别是如果研究设施位于德国大学,在他们的数据被保密的情况下。发布数据的意愿与媒体以及大学和学院的信任水平相关,当数据泄漏被认为是严重的时,这种意愿会降低。
结论:在德国,和其他欧洲国家一样,我们观察到人们非常愿意出于研究目的发布健康数据。然而,使用电子健康档案的倾向相对较低,就像接受选择退出程序一样,这在文献中被认为是在其他国家成功实施电子健康记录的先决条件。毫不奇怪,对处理健康数据的研究和政府机构的普遍信任是一个关键因素。
OBJECTIVE: The article tackles various issues arising in the context of the process of digitalization in the health sector. The communication and availability of health data, health registers, the electronic health record, consent procedures for the transfer of data and access to health data for research are considered.
METHODS: The study is based on a computer-assisted telephone survey (dual-frame) of a random sample of adult people living in Germany. Data was collected in the period between June 01 and June 27, 2022 (n = 1,308).
RESULTS: The level of knowledge concerning the transmission of health data to health insurers is good, whereas the existence of central death-, vaccination- and health registers as well as the access to health data by treating physicians is overestimated. The general acceptance of medical registers is very high. Half the population is unfamiliar with the electronic health record, and the willingness to use it is rather low. An opt-in procedure is preferred when transferring data, and more than eighty percent would release data in their electronic health file for research purposes. Three quarters would consent that their health data be handed over to general research, especially if reserach facilities were situated at German universities, under the condition that their data be treated confidentiallly. The willingness to release data correlates with the level of trust in the press as well as in universities and colleges and decreases when a data leak is considered to be serious.
CONCLUSIONS: In Germany, as in other European countries, we observe a great willingness of people to release health data for research purposes. However, the propensity to use the electronic health file is comparatively low, as is the acceptance of an opt-out procedure, which in the literature is considered a prerequisite for the successful implementation of electronic health records in other countries. Unsurprisingly, a general trust in research and government agencies that process health data is a key factor.