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BACKGROUND: In the wake of an increasingly ageing population, Norway has a growing need for healthcare workers, especially in nursing homes. This study explored the employment experiences of migrant nursing assistants working in elderly care in Norway.
METHODS: A qualitative interview-based study was carried out between March and August 2020. In-depth, semi-structured interviews were performed with 13 purposively selected immigrant nursing assistants working in a nursing home within Western Norway. Data were thematically analysed.
RESULTS: Migrant nursing assistants working in Norwegian elderly care faced mixed experiences. On the one hand, study participants experienced several barriers in their workplace, resulting from insufficient command of the Norwegian language, heavy workload and mistreatment and discrimination by both patients and colleagues. On the other hand, participants cited the financial compensation from work, the meaningfulness derived from helping others and the flexible day-off requests as workplace facilitators. Participants also made continuous efforts to learn the Norwegian language and to build good relations with their co-workers.
CONCLUSIONS: There is a need to enhance migrant nursing assistants\' positive experiences in the Norwegian eldercare sector by making targeted workplace reforms and fostering a supportive and inclusive environment.

Three models/methods are given to understand the extreme international variation in available and occupied hospital bed numbers. These models/methods all rely on readily available data. In the first, occupied beds (rather than available beds) are used to measure the expressed demand for hospital beds. The expressed occupied bed demand for three countries was in the order Australia > England > USA. Next, the age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) has dual functions. Less developed countries/regions have low access to healthcare, which results in high ASMR, or a negative slope between ASMR versus available/occupied beds. In the more developed countries, high ASMR can also be used to measure the \'need\' for healthcare (including occupied beds), a positive slope among various social (wealth/lifestyle) groups, which will include Indigenous peoples. In England, a 100-unit increase in ASMR (European Standard population) leads to a 15.3-30.7 (feasible range) unit increase in occupied beds per 1000 deaths. Higher ASMR shows why the Australian states of the Northern Territory and Tasmania have an intrinsic higher bed demand. The USA has a high relative ASMR (for a developed/wealthy country) because healthcare is not universal in the widest sense. Lastly, a method for benchmarking the whole hospital\'s average bed occupancy which enables them to run at optimum efficiency and safety. English hospitals operate at highly disruptive and unsafe levels of bed occupancy, manifesting as high \'turn-away\'. Turn-away implies bed unavailability for the next arriving patient. In the case of occupied beds, the slope of the relationship between occupied beds per 1000 deaths and deaths per 1000 population shows a power law function. Scatter around the trend line arising from year-to-year fluctuations in occupied beds per 1000 deaths, ASMR, deaths per 1000 population, changes in the number of persons hidden in the elective, outpatient and diagnostic waiting lists, and local area variation in births affecting maternity, neonatal, and pediatric bed demand. Additional variation will arise from differences in the level of local funding for social care, especially elderly care. The problems associated with crafting effective bed planning are illustrated using the English NHS as an example.

BACKGROUND: In the emergency departments (EDs), usually the longest waiting time for treatment and discharge belongs to the elderly patients. Moreover, the number of the ED admissions for the elderly increases every year. It seems that the use of health information technology in geriatric emergency departments can help to reduce the burden of the healthcare services for this group of patients. This research aimed to develop a conceptual model for using health information technology in the geriatric emergency department.
METHODS: This study was conducted in 2021. The initial conceptual model was designed based on the findings derived from the previous research phases (literature review and interview with the experts). Then, the model was examined by an expert panel (n = 7). Finally, using the Delphi technique (two rounds), the components of the conceptual model were reviewed and finalized. To collect data, a questionnaire was used, and data were analyzed using descriptive statistics.
RESULTS: The common information technologies appropriate for the elderly care in the emergency departments included emergency department information system, clinical decision support system, electronic health records, telemedicine, personal health records, electronic questionnaires for screening, and other technologies such as picture archiving and communication systems (PACS), electronic vital sign monitoring systems, etc. The participants approved all of the proposed systems and their applications in the geriatric emergency departments.
CONCLUSIONS: The proposed model can help to design and implement the most useful information systems in the geriatric emergency departments. As the application of technology accelerates care processes, investing in this field would help to support the care plans for the elderly and improve quality of care services. Further research is recommended to investigate the efficiency and effectiveness of using these technologies in the EDs.

This research examines the psychometric characteristics and reliability of the 6-item turnover intention scale (TIS-6) by Bothma and Roodt (SA J Hum Resour Manag 11:a507, 2013) on a Hungarian sample. The internal validity of the TIS-6 was assessed using data from 269 Hungarian elderly care institution workers. Confirmatory factor analysis was performed to analyse the structural validity. Convergent and discriminant validity were examined with questions on job characteristics and using the Maslach Burnout Inventory and Effort-Reward Imbalance Scale. IBM SPSS 28.0 software was used for the statistical analysis, and the results were considered significant at p < 0.05. The internal consistency of the questionnaire\'s scale proved to be acceptable (α = 0.826). Convergent validity was confirmed by the relationships between the components of the questionnaire and burnout (rs = 0.512; p < 0.001; rs = 0.419; p < 0.001) and workplace stress (rs = 0.565; p < 0.001; rs = 0.310; p < 0.001). There were significant differences between the TIS-6 scores among the groups with different degrees of burnout (p < 0.001), which indicated adequate discriminant validity of the questionnaire. The structural validity of the questionnaire was acceptable, and the scale questions fit well. The Hungarian version of the TIS-6 scale is a valid and reliable tool for assessing turnover intention among elderly care institution workers in Hungary.

This study examines the impact of reminiscence therapy on cognitive and emotional well-being in institutionalized older patients with dementia. Conducted at the Long-Term Care Health Facility for the Elderly, the research involved 34 participants who underwent therapy sessions that included personalized discussions of past experiences. Using physiological markers such as electroencephalography alpha and beta waves, along with psychological measures such as the Hasegawa Dementia Scale-Revised, the study aimed to quantify the effects of the therapy. Although the results indicated positive correlations between alpha and beta waves, suggesting enhanced relaxation and cognitive engagement, improvements in Hasegawa Dementia Scale-Revised scores were not statistically significant, pointing to variability in therapeutic effectiveness among patients. Despite these mixed outcomes, the findings support the potential of reminiscence therapy as a non-pharmacological intervention to improve the quality of life of dementia patients, though they also underscore the necessity for further research to refine therapy protocols and enhance applicability.

Aging is a challenge to global development. This challenge is particularly significant for China because it has the largest elderly population worldwide. The proportion of aging population continues to increase, and solely relying on government efforts to meet the needs of the elderly is inadequate. Hence, involvement of social organizations in elderly care services is needed. Their core members exhibit higher sense of responsibility and identification with the organization than regular members, thus profoundly affecting organizational development. Based on the Social Capital Theory, this study employed a multistage stratified random sampling method to examine the social capital stock of elderly social organizations and their core members across six cities in Anhui Province, China. Chi-square tests analyzed the relationship between the core members\' demographic factors and individual performance. Independent-sample t-tests assessed the relationship between social capital and individual performance. Finally, binary logistic regression models determined the factors influencing the individual performance of core members. Social networks within core members\' social capital and the internal social capital of elderly caring social organizations (ESOs) affect the individual performance of core members. Therefore, organizations should provide more training opportunities for core members to expand their networks. Cultivating a shared language and vision as components of social capital can enhance organizational cohesion and operational stability.

Companion robots are aimed to mitigate loneliness and social isolation among older adults by providing social and emotional support in their everyday lives. However, older adults\' expectations of conversational companionship might substantially differ from what current technologies can achieve, as well as from other age groups like young adults. Thus, it is crucial to involve older adults in the development of conversational companion robots to ensure that these devices align with their unique expectations and experiences. The recent advancement in foundation models, such as large language models, has taken a significant stride toward fulfilling those expectations, in contrast to the prior literature that relied on humans controlling robots (i.e., Wizard of Oz) or limited rule-based architectures that are not feasible to apply in the daily lives of older adults. Consequently, we conducted a participatory design (co-design) study with 28 older adults, demonstrating a companion robot using a large language model (LLM), and design scenarios that represent situations from everyday life. The thematic analysis of the discussions around these scenarios shows that older adults expect a conversational companion robot to engage in conversation actively in isolation and passively in social settings, remember previous conversations and personalize, protect privacy and provide control over learned data, give information and daily reminders, foster social skills and connections, and express empathy and emotions. Based on these findings, this article provides actionable recommendations for designing conversational companion robots for older adults with foundation models, such as LLMs and vision-language models, which can also be applied to conversational robots in other domains.

This study was aimed to determine knowledge level of informal caregivers daily care, emergency situations and the effect of the socio-demographic characteristics of informal caregivers on their knowledge levels. This descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted between November 1, 2021, and June 30, 2022, with 83 (79.8 %) informal caregivers living in rural areas in northeast Türkiye. The data were collected using the Barthel Index for Activities of Daily Living, the Socio-Demographic Questionnaire, and the Questionnaire for Information on Elderly Care and Situations Requiring Emergency Care. 54 (65.1 %) of caregivers were women, 74 (89.2 %) did not receive training on the daily care of the elderly. A statistically significant difference was determined between the level of knowledge of caregivers about elderly care, caring experience for the elderly and emergency situations, their education level, and their perceptions of needing further information about elderly care (p < 0.05). Informal care givers should be trained by nurses.

UNASSIGNED: Elderly individuals are the segment of the population that needs special care. The quality of care provided for elderly individuals is highly determined by the knowledge of nurses in elderly care. Hence, there are limited studies conducted to determine the level of knowledge of nurses regarding elderly care. Therefore, this study aimed to assess determinant factors of nurses\' knowledge of elderly care.
UNASSIGNED: A facility-based cross-sectional study design was employed from April 1 to 10, 2021, among 345 nurses. Respondents were selected by a simple random sampling technique. The data were collected through a self-administered structured questionnaire. The collected data were entered and analyzed by using Statistical Package for Social Science software version 25.0. A multivariable binary logistic regression was used to identify factors significantly associated with the knowledge of nurses about elderly care.
UNASSIGNED: The response rate of this study was 98.3%. More than half of the respondents were female (51.6%) and 38.3% were single in marital status. Being knowledgeable among nurses about elderly care was 51.9%. Ever living with the elderly (adjusted odd ratio [AOR]: 3.62; 95% CI: 1.661, 7.89) and taking geriatric care training (AOR: 5.209, 95% CI: 2.771, 9.79) were positively associated with the knowledge of nurses toward elderly care while work experience <5 years (AOR: 0.305; 95% CI: 0.134, 0,696), and work experience 5-10 years (AOR: 0.359; 95% CI: 0.15, 0.864) were negatively associated with the knowledge of nurses toward elderly care.
UNASSIGNED: The knowledge of nurses about elderly care was moderate. Ever lived with the elderly, work experience, and taking geriatric care training contributed to nurses\' knowledge about elderly care. Therefore, hospital administrators and the Ministry of Health should facilitate training, design, and implement standard guidelines on nursing practice for elderly care.