背景:女性中最常见的癌症类型之一是乳腺癌。有许多天然的植物性产品,发挥抗肿瘤作用的包括沙枣(EA)。它调节细胞周期过程,热休克蛋白表达,抗增殖特性,凋亡诱导,阻断血管生成,和细胞侵袭抑制。本研究旨在合成和评估水醇EA提取物(HEAE)的抗癌作用,在MCF-7乳腺癌细胞系中,纳米羟基磷灰石(nHAp)和nHAp通过EA(nHA-EA)合成。
方法:在本研究中,完成了HEAE的制备和nHA-EA的绿色合成,功能组,使用傅里叶变换红外(FTIR)和X射线衍射(XRD)确定nHA-EA和nHAp的晶状蛋白相。使用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)技术研究了合成纳米粒子的特征,包括结构和形态参数。然后,通过使用MTT测定(二甲基噻唑二苯基四唑),EA提取物的体外细胞毒性和半最大抑制浓度(IC50),nHAp,并对MCF-7乳腺癌细胞系中的nHA-EA进行评价。接下来,我们评估了凋亡相关基因Bax的表达,使用定量逆转录酶聚合酶链反应(qRT-PCR)的Bcl2和p53以及通过划痕测定的MCF-7细胞的迁移。
结果:FTIR结果表明在合成过程中nHAp的形成及其与HEAE的相互作用。合成的纳米颗粒的XRD结果显示了类似的nHA-EA和nHAp的XRD图和合成的纳米材料的纯度。HEAE的平均IC50,nHAp,和nHA-EA提取物治疗癌细胞24小时后为400µg/mL,200µg/mL,和100微克/毫升,分别。我们的结果表明,nHA-EA显着降低MCF-7细胞的迁移和侵袭,与nHAp和EA提取物相比。此外,与EA提取物和nHAp组相比,nHA-EA提取物组的Bax/Bcl2和p53水平明显更高。
结论:综合来看,我们的结果表明,以nHA-EA颗粒形式的EA药用植物的生物活性成分,可以有效地发挥对乳腺癌生长的潜在抗癌和化学预防作用,并且可以作为BC治疗的有希望的有益候选药物。然而,需要进一步调查以发现哪些生物活性化合物对这种提取物的化学预防作用负责。
BACKGROUND: One of the most common types of cancer in women is breast cancer. There are numerous natural plant-based products, which exert anti-tumoral effects including Elaeagnus Angustifolia (EA). It modulates cell-cycle process, heat-shock proteins expression, anti-proliferative properties, apoptosis induction, blocking of angiogenesis, and cell invasion inhibition. The current study aimed to synthesize and evaluate the anticancer effects of hydroalcoholic EA extract (HEAE), Nanohydroxyapatite (nHAp) and nHAp synthesized trough EA (nHA-EA) in MCF-7 breast cancer cell line.
METHODS: In the present study, HEAE preparation and green synthesis of nHA-EA was done and phase composition, functional groups, and crystallin phase of nHA-EA and nHAp were determined using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The characteristics of synthesized nanoparticles including structural and morphological parameters were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques. Then, by using MTT-assay (Dimethylthiazoldiphenyltetrazolium), the in vitro cytotoxic and half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of EA extract, nHAp, and nHA-EA in the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line was evaluated. Next, we assessed the expression of apoptosis-related genes Bax, Bcl2 and p53 using quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase-chain-reaction (qRT-PCR) and migration of MCF-7 cells by scratch assay.
RESULTS: The FTIR results demonstrated formation of nHAp and its interaction with HEAE during synthesis process. The XRD results of the synthesized nanoparticles showed similar XRD pattern of nHA-EA and nHAp and purity of synthesized nanomaterials. The average IC50 of HEAE, nHAp, and nHA-EA extract after treatment of cancer cells for 24 h was 400 µg/mL, 200 µg/mL, and 100 µg/mL, respectively. Our results revealed that nHA-EA significantly reduced the migration and invasion of the MCF-7 cells, in comparison to the nHAp and EA extract. Moreover, level of Bax/Bcl2 and p53 was significantly higher in the nHA-EA extract group in comparison to the EA extract and nHAp group.
CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, our results demonstrated that bioactive constituents of EA medicinal plant in form of nHA-EA particles, can effectively exerts potential anticancer and chemo preventive effect against breast cancer growth and can be proposed as a promising beneficial candidate for BC therapy. However, further investigations are required to discover what bioactive compounds are responsible for the chemo preventive effect of this extract.