选择是否努力获得奖励是人类动机行为的基础。然而,对人类奖励和努力评估的潜在神经动力学知之甚少。这里,我们报告了一项探索性研究,在帕金森病患者执行决策任务时,前额叶皮质(PFC)和基底神经节(BG;丘脑下核和苍白球)的慢性颅内记录显示,奖励和体力劳动水平各不相同。这揭示了奖励和努力的可分离神经特征,BGbeta(12至20Hz)振荡在单次试验基础上跟踪努力,PFCtheta(4至7Hz)表示先前的试验奖励,没有净主观价值的影响。PFC的刺激增加了要约的总体接受度和对奖励的敏感性,同时减少了努力对选择的影响。这项工作揭示了振荡机制,指导基本决策在BG和PFC之间努力获得奖励,支持PFC对此类选择的因果作用,并为未来的研究提供假设。
Choosing whether to exert
effort to obtain rewards is fundamental to human motivated behavior. However, the neural dynamics underlying the evaluation of reward and
effort in humans is poorly understood. Here, we report an exploratory investigation into this with chronic intracranial recordings from the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and basal ganglia (BG; subthalamic nuclei and globus pallidus) in people with Parkinson\'s disease performing a decision-making task with offers that varied in levels of reward and physical
effort required. This revealed dissociable neural signatures of reward and effort, with BG beta (12 to 20 Hz) oscillations tracking
effort on a single-trial basis and PFC theta (4 to 7 Hz) signaling previous trial reward, with no effects of net subjective value. Stimulation of PFC increased overall acceptance of offers and sensitivity to reward while decreasing the impact of effort on choices. This work uncovers oscillatory mechanisms that guide fundamental decisions to exert
effort for reward across BG and PFC, supports a causal role of PFC for such choices, and seeds hypotheses for future studies.