BACKGROUND: With the widespread use of antibiotics, more attention has been paid to their side effects. We paid extra attention to the impact of antibiotics on children\'s bodies. Therefore, we analyzed the characteristic changes in the gut microbiota of children after antibiotic treatment to explore the pathogenesis of antibiotic-associated diseases in more depth and to provide a basis for diagnosis and treatment.
METHODS: We recruited 28 children with bronchopneumonia in the western district of Zhuhai, China, and divided them into three treatment groups based on antibiotic type. We took stool samples from children before and 3-5 days after antibiotic treatment. 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to analyze the effects of antibiotic therapy on the gut microbiota of children. Continuous nonparametric data are represented as median values and analyzed using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test.
RESULTS: While alpha diversity analysis found no significant changes in the mean abundance of the gut microbiota of children after a short course of antibiotic treatment, beta diversity analysis demonstrated significant changes in the composition and diversity of the gut microbiota of children even after a short course of antibiotic therapy. We also found that meloxicillin sulbactam can inhibit the growth of Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Verrucomicrobia, ceftriaxone inhibits Verrucomicrobia and Bacteroides, and azithromycin inhibits Fusobacteria, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Verrucomicrobia. We further performed a comparative analysis at the genus level and found significantly different clusters in each group. Finally, we found that azithromycin had the greatest effect on the metabolic function of intestinal microbiota, followed by ceftriaxone, and no significant change in the metabolic process of intestinal microbiota after meloxicillin sulbactam treatment.
CONCLUSIONS: Antibiotic treatment significantly affects the diversity of intestinal microbiota in children, even after a short course of antibiotic treatment. Different classes of antibiotics affect diverse microbiota primarily, leading to varying alterations in metabolic function. Meanwhile, we identified a series of intestinal microbiota that differed significantly after antibiotic treatment. These groups of microbiota could be used as biomarkers to provide an additional basis for diagnosing and treating antibiotic-associated diseases.

UNASSIGNED: Breast cancer is the second most prevalent disease among women in India and one of the most dangerous and lethal. Chemotherapy-treated breast cancer patients may have perceived stress, which is defined as emotions of mental or physical exhaustion that make them feel angry or anxious. Mindfulness-based intervention (MBI) gives some ideas in line with the conventional mindfulness technique.
UNASSIGNED: (i) To assess the effect of MBI on perceived stress among breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. (ii) To determine the association between perceived stress with selected demographic variables among breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.
UNASSIGNED: The current quantitative pre- and postexperimental study was carried out in two oncology departments of selected cancer hospitals, Bhubaneswar. A total number of 40 breast cancer patients of perceived stress receiving chemotherapy and data were gathered by using a self-structured socio-demographic proforma and a structured Perceived Stress Scale 10. The experimental group received MBI, and a posttest was conducted on the 17th day on both the groups after 10 days of the termination of intervention. This MBI was provided to breast cancer patients for five sessions over five days continuously, each session for 45 min with mindfulness breathing exercises, progressive muscle relaxation techniques, practising meditation, and guided imagery technique.
UNASSIGNED: The study findings illustrated that reduction of perceived stress among female breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy with (t = 2.2463) (P = 0.0306) at the P < 0.05; furthermore, there is one socio-demographic variable which had association with perceived stress that is history of psychiatric illness (χ 2 = 14.1176) (P = 0.0009) and others had no association with perceived stress.
UNASSIGNED: MBI was an effective therapy for reducing the perceived stress of breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.

Introduction Care of the airway is an essential part of the management of patients receiving mechanical ventilation. If the airway is not properly managed, an endotracheal airway can result in retained secretions, airway obstructions, and infections. These complications may prolong mechanical ventilation duration and length of hospital stay and may increase the cost of affordability. Hypertonic saline nebulized suctioning is a technique used to lessen the duration of mechanical air flow and enhance airway clearance, which helps patients on mechanical ventilation breathe easier. Aim The objective of the study is to assess the effectiveness of nebulization with hypertonic saline on arterial blood gas parameters among mechanically ventilated patients. Methods The quasi-experimental design adopted with thirty-five mechanically ventilated samples was chosen using a non-probability purposive sample technique. Following the pre-test in the endotracheal tube, nebulization was given with 2 ml of hypertonic saline over 15-20 mins, two times each day, to the mechanically ventilated patients. Post-test was carried out about 15-20 minutes after the procedure using arterial blood gas analysis results were obtained and interpreted. Results The study reveals that the p values corresponding to the arterial blood gas parameters PCo2, pO2, and HCo3 are less than 0.01 and are significant at a 1% level, and arterial blood gas (ABG) pH is less than 0.05 and is significant at a 5% level; hence there is a high significant difference between the pre-test and post-test mean scores of arterial blood gas parameters PCo2, pO2, HCo3, and ABG pH. Hence, the study concluded that nebulization with hypertonic saline for patients with mechanical ventilators is more effective in improving arterial blood gas parameters.

UNASSIGNED: Health literacy is an important means to improve health outcomes and reduce health disparities. It plays an important role in promoting multiple health-related behaviors of individuals. Numerous studies have demonstrated a number of sociodemographic and school characteristics, and family related factors were related to health literacy among college students. However, these characteristics and factors were relatively unchangeable. Research on the relationship between factors, that can be intervened, and health literacy remains scarce. This study aims to explore the association between personal and changeable environmental factors, and the level of health literacy in college students.
UNASSIGNED: A cross-sectional study, which used a stratified random sampling method, was conducted at a university in Wuhan (N = 447). The survey questionnaire included sociodemographic characteristics, the School Environment Questionnaire, the Family Environment Questionnaire, the General Self-Efficacy Scale Questionnaire, and the Health Literacy Questionnaire. We used Spearman correlation tests, and Student\'s tests or analyses of variance to describe the relationship among continuous variables. In addition, we employed linear regression analysis to test the mediating effect based on the bias-corrected nonparametric percentile Bootstrap method.
UNASSIGNED: Factors related to socioeconomic status, such as living costs (p = 0.011), residential area (p = 0.003), annual household income (p = 0.001), and parents\' education level (fathers: p = 0.001; mothers: p = 0.01) and occupation type (fathers: p < 0.001; mothers: p = 0.044), had close correlations with health literacy. School and family environments and self-efficacy had a positive impact on college students\' health literacy (β = 0.235, p < 0.001; β = 0.323, p < 0.001; β = 0.489, p < 0.001). Self-efficacy had a mediating effect on the relationship between school and family environments, as well as health literacy. The total, direct, and indirect effects of the school environment on health literacy were 0.235, 0.157, and 0.078, respectively. The total, direct, and indirect effects of the family environment on health literacy were 0.323, 0.189, and 0.134, respectively.
UNASSIGNED: This study confirms that improving school and family environments could directly or indirectly increase college students\' health literacy through promoting their self-efficacy. Socioeconomic status has a significant impact on their health literacy. Moreover, other factors that affect students\' health literacy and relationships among self-efficacy, surrounding environments, and health literacy may need to be explored in the future.

Sooty mould (SM) disease affects the growth, development and metabolism of plants and reduces the commodity and economic value of crops. SM disease is one of the important leaf diseases in tea plants. Nonetheless, studies on the effect of SM disease in tea plants are rare. Herein, we found that SM disease disrupted the cell morphology and structure and reduced the contents of caffeine, theanine, and catechins in the mature leaves of tea plants. Transcriptome analysis revealed that SM disease inhibited the biosynthesis of lignin, chlorophyll, catechin, caffeine, and theanine and affected the plant-pathogen interactions in the mature leaves of tea plants by downregulating gene expression. In addition, two fungal isolates, MTzyqA and MTzyqB, were obtained from the mature leaves of diseased tea plants. These strains were identified as Cladosporium pseudocladosporioides by mulitgene phylogenetic analysis, and they grew epiphytically on the leaves of tea plants. The biocontrol bacteria JT68, ZGT5, and BX1 had obvious inhibitory effect on MTzyqA and MTzyqB. These results provide a basis for understanding the effect of SM disease in tea plants.

UNASSIGNED: even though there are many initiatives to improve institutional delivery, there are low service utilization and community readiness for institutional delivery in Ethiopia. This study assessed the role of community readiness on delivery service use.
UNASSIGNED: a pre-and post-test design with a control group was used for the evaluation of the stage-matched educational intervention following the protocol of the community readiness assessment model. Based on the baseline assessment of community readiness among 15 kebeles where the study was conducted, the overall score of nine kebeles was below stage-5 out of the nine stages, which were targeted for the intervention. The intervention group (n= three kebeles) participated in the stage-matched intervention for 15 months, while the control group (n= three kebeles) were not given the intervention. The data were analyzed using the difference in difference (DiD) method.
UNASSIGNED: there were significant improvements in a stage of change for the promotion of institutional delivery (p-value <0.001) and institutional delivery use (p-value <0.001) in the intervention group as compared to the control group. The study revealed that the intervention influenced community resource allocation (at marginally significant levels), improved leader-ship quality of prevention, and community climate to supportive prevention efforts. There was evidence that the intervention (health promotion) also increased service use at a significant level.
UNASSIGNED: the community readiness-based intervention (health promotion) can be useful to measure the combined attitude and behavior towards institutional delivery services. The village-based mobilizer approach had a positive effect on institutional delivery use and the level of community readiness on the promotion of institutional delivery.

UNASSIGNED: The objective of this study is to compare the effect and safety of phacoemulsification surgery performed by resident and attending physicians.
UNASSIGNED: This was a retrospective study. Eyes with cataract who underwent phacoemulsification surgery at the First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University between January 2021 and December 2023 were reviewed. All the patients were followed up for at least 12 months and were divided into two groups according to the surgery performer. SPSS was used to analyze data, considering p < 0.05 significant.
UNASSIGNED: Overall, 316 patients with cataract in group 1 (surgery performed by resident physician, n = 181) and group 2 (surgery performed by attending physician, n = 135) were reviewed. There were no statistically significant differences in patient demographics variables and cataract grade between the groups. The resident surgeon used more cumulative dissipate energy (15.00 ± 7.25 vs. 10.83 ± 6.52, p < 0.001) and operation time (20.46 ± 5.69 vs. 12.59 ± 4.61 min, p < 0.001) to complete the surgery. Also, the ECL in group 1 was higher (14.87 ± 5.00 vs. 10.77 ± 4.46, p < 0.001). The eyes had significant visual improvement in both groups postoperatively (p < 0.05), but at the 12-month follow-up, eyes in group 2 had better best-corrected visual acuity [0.10 (0.00, 0.22) vs. 0.10 (0.10, 0.22) logMAR, p = 0.039]. Except for month 1, the intraocular pressure was no statistical difference in group 1 and group 2 (14.65 ± 2.52 vs. 15.30 ± 2.34 mmHg, p = 0.019). Cases in group 1 were more likely to undergo intraoperative and postoperative complications (37 vs. 14, p = 0.031), including cornea edema (p = 0.025), capsule tear (p = 0.044), and posterior capsular opacification (p = 0.027).
UNASSIGNED: The effect of phacoemulsification surgery performed by the resident physician is satisfying, but compared to the attending physician, the higher probability of complications should be paid more attention.

UNASSIGNED: There is a growing interest in the use of complementary therapies for the prevention of disease and the maintenance of health. Furthermore, complementary therapies that incorporate exercise are becoming increasingly prevalent among the older adult, and thus may represent a crucial strategy for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Exercise therapy, as a means to prevent and treat cardiovascular diseases, has been gradually applied in clinical practice. It has the advantages of reducing mortality, improving clinical symptoms, restoring physical function and improving quality of life. In recent years, traditional Chinese sports such as Ba Duan Jin and Qigong have developed rapidly. Therefore, a comprehensive systematic review is required to examine interventions involving Ba Duan Jin exercise in healthy adults or those at increased risk of CVD in order to determine the effectiveness of Ba Duan Jin exercise for the primary prevention of CVD.
UNASSIGNED: To investigate the effect of Ba Duan Jin exercise intervention for the primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases.
UNASSIGNED: Eight databases were systematically searched from inception to July, 2024 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to evaluated the impact of Ba Duan Jin exercise intervention on cardiovascular diseases. The search terms were \"Cardiovascular diseases\" \"Ba Duan Jin\" and \"Randomized controlled.\" The Cochrane risk assessment tool was used to evaluate the study quality, and the meta-analysis was performed using Rev. Man 5.4 software.
UNASSIGNED: Seventeen completed trials were conducted with 1,755 participants who were randomly assigned and met the inclusion criteria. All 17 studies were conducted in China. The meta-analysis indicates that Ba Duan Jin exercise therapy can provide long-term benefits (20-30 years) by reducing all-cause mortality (RR = 0.55, 95% CI: 0.44-0.68, p < 0.01) and stroke mortality (RR = 0.49, 95% CI: 0.36-0.66, p < 0.01) in hypertensive patients. Subgroup analyses reveal that Ba Duan Jin exercise therapy decreases SBP (MD = -4.05, 95% CI = -6.84 to -1.26, p < 0.01) and DBP (MD = -3.21, 95% CI = -5.22 to -1.20, p < 0.01) levels in patients with essential hypertension, significantly reduces serum TC (MD = -0.78, 95% CI = -1.06 to -0.50, p < 0.01), TG (MD = -0.78, 95% CI = -0.93 to -0.62, p < 0.01), and LDL-C (MD = -0.76, 95% CI = -0.92 to -0.60, p < 0.01) levels in patients with hyperlipidemia, increases HDL-C (MD = 0.32, 95% CI = 0.14-0.51, p < 0.01) levels, and produces beneficial effects on cardiovascular function. Additionally, it can alleviate anxiety (MD = -3.37, 95% CI = -3.84 to -2.89, p < 0.01) and improve sleep quality (MD = -2.68, 95% CI = -3.63to -1.73, p < 0.01).
UNASSIGNED: Ba Duan Jin exercise therapy can improve the physical and mental condition and quality of life of patients with cardiovascular diseases, and it is worthy of further promotion and application in clinical practice.
UNASSIGNED: PROSPERO, identifier: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42024496934.

BACKGROUND: The Republic of Guinea, where malaria represents the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among children, the seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC) is deployed only in areas with very seasonal modes of transmission. It should target children at the highest risk of serious illness. The objective of the study was to prevent uncomplicated and serious cases of malaria in the target population. This study aimed to analyse the monthly trends in malaria-related morbidity among children under the age of 5 in Guinea.
METHODS: This was a quasi-experimental study with routine data from the National Health Information System (SNIS). The two districts Mamou (the SMC intervention site) and Kindia (the control site) were selected to compare the monthly trends in malaria cases among children under the age of 5, from July to October, covering the years from 2015 to 2020. The statistical analysis used interrupted time series to estimate the effects of the SMC.
RESULTS: The SMC programme contributed to a significant average reduction in the number of malaria cases of 225 cases per month in the intervention district (95% CI - 362 to - 88; p = 0.002), compared to the control district. However, the study also revealed that the effect of SMC varied between cycles, presenting different monthly malaria cases.
CONCLUSIONS: The SMC contributed to a significant reduction in malaria cases among children under the age of 5 in the health district of Mamou from 2018 to 2020. However, this reduction varied by monthly SMC cycle. This study suggests extending the SMC in other areas with high perennial seasonal transmission respecting the World Health Organization SMC eligibility criteria, as a strategy in the dynamic of reducing malaria cases in children under the age of 5 in Guinea.

UNASSIGNED: Congenital anomalies pose a significant challenge to global health and result in considerable morbidity and mortality in early childhood. With the decline of other causes of death among children under five, the burden of congenital anomalies is rising, emphasizing the need for improved prenatal care, screening, and nutrition for pregnant women. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to estimate the pooled effect of folic acid intake on congenital anomalies.
UNASSIGNED: To identify relevant research published up until December 30/2023, we conducted electronic searches of PubMed/Medline, PubMed Central, Hinary, Google, African Journals Online, Web of Science, Science Direct, and Google Scholar databases using predefined eligibility criteria. We used Excel to extract data and evaluated the studies using the JBI appraisal checklist. We computed the pooled effect size with 95% confidence intervals for maternal folic acid intake on congenital anomalies using STATA version 17 and the DerSimonian and Laird random effects meta-analysis model. We assessed statistical heterogeneity using Cochran\'s Q-test, I 2 statistic, and visual examination of the funnel plot.
UNASSIGNED: The review included 16 case-control, cohort, and cross-sectional studies. According to the results of this systematic review and meta-analysis, maternal folic acid intake significantly lowers the incidence of congenital anomalies (odds ratio (OR), 0.23; confidence interval (CI), 0.16, 0.32). Among the included studies, both the Cochrane Q-test statistic (χ2 = 118.82, p < 0.001) and I 2 test statistic (I 2 = 87.38%, p < 0.001) revealed statistically significant heterogeneity. Egger\'s weighted regression (p < 0.001) and funnel plot show evidence of publication bias in this meta-analysis.
UNASSIGNED: The results of the recent meta-analysis and systematic review have demonstrated a significant association between maternal folic acid intake and the risk of congenital anomalies. Specifically, children whose mothers received periconceptional folic acid supplementation had a 77% reduced risk of congenital anomalies. To further investigate the correlation between maternal folic acid supplementation and the occurrence of various congenital anomalies, particularly in developing countries, it is recommended that a comprehensive prospective study be conducted.
UNASSIGNED: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, PROSPERO (CRD42024511508).