相容溶质是微生物为适应极端环境而产生的高水溶性有机渗透剂,如高盐度和渗透压。其中,Ettoine在修复和保护核酸中起着至关重要的作用,蛋白质,生物膜,和细胞。因此,它在化妆品中发现了广泛的应用,生物制剂,酶工业,医学,和其他领域。目前,etoine的市场价值约为1000美元/公斤,全球需求达到每年15000吨。尽管嗜盐菌是异胎素合成的天然来源,它在高盐度介质中的生产带来了挑战,例如设备腐蚀和工业生产的高成本。功能基因组学的进步,系统生物学,和合成生物学为通过代谢工程开发高产细胞工厂铺平了道路,取得重大进展。例如,工程大肠杆菌实现了131.8g/L的最大外泌素滴度,生产率为1.37g/(L·h)。这篇综述旨在探索生物合成途径,关键酶的生化特性,和埃克托因的生物合成,概述了当前的研究现状,并为工业规模的异位生产提供了见解。
Compatible solutes are highly water-soluble organic osmolytes produced by microorganisms to adapt to extreme environments, such as high salinity and osmotic pressure. Among these,
ectoine plays a crucial role in repairing and protecting nucleic acids, protein, biofilms, and cells. As a result, it has found widespread applications in cosmetics, biological agents, the enzyme industry, medicine, and other fields. Currently, the market value of
ectoine is around US$ 1 000/kg, with a global demand reaching 15 000 tons per year. Although halophilic bacteria serve as the natural source of
ectoine synthesis, its production in high-salinity media presents challenges such as equipment corrosion and high cost for industrial production. Advancements in functional genomics, systems biology, and synthetic biology have paved the way for the development of high-yielding cell factories through metabolic engineering, leading to significant progress. For example, engineered Escherichia coli achieved a maximum
ectoine titer of 131.8 g/L, with a productivity of 1.37 g/(L·h). This review aims to explore the biosynthetic pathway, biochemical characteristics of key enzymes, and the biosynthesis of ectoine, shedding light on current research status and offering insights for industrial-scale
ectoine production.