已证明昆虫激素蜕皮激素(20E)和保幼激素III(JH)可刺激萨马氏杆菌中分生孢子粘液和色素的分泌。然而,潜在的机制仍然难以捉摸。这里,进行了比较转录组和蛋白质组分析,以鉴定响应昆虫激素而上调或下调的satumaensis的真菌基因和蛋白质。在分生孢子粘液中总共鉴定了17,407个单基因和1,016个蛋白质。与激素反应有关的基因分为四个功能组:(1)去除活性氧所需的应激反应相关基因(谷胱甘肽合成酶,c7144)和与血液中渗透胁迫反应有关的基因,比如那些编码参与G的蛋白质,mTOR,和MAPK信号通路(2);昆虫激素代谢基因,包括编码蜕皮类固醇UDP-葡萄糖基转移酶的基因,蜕皮类固醇-22-激酶,和少年激素合成途径中的关键醛脱氢酶(3);与宿主家蚕具有同源性的分泌蛋白,包括纤维hexamerin,丝胶蛋白1,金属蛋白酶1蛋白,和丝胶蛋白,通过组学数据揭示;和(4)与氨基糖代谢和氧化磷酸化相关的蛋白质,这些蛋白质在响应20E和JH的粘液中特异性表达,分别。这些发现表明,沙马可以通过调节参与解毒的基因的表达来建立有效的反应,适应,逃避昆虫激素介导的免疫反应,提供对真菌病原体-宿主昆虫相互作用的新见解。重要昆虫激素对昆虫生长的调节非常重要,发展,和免疫系统功能。因此,当昆虫病原真菌(EPF)栖息在宿主血液中时,它们的扩张可能会受到这些激素的影响。然而,EPF对昆虫激素反应的分子基础尚未确定。我们的结果表明,EPF受到20E和JH的影响,两者都是信号,因为这些激素导致真菌代谢途径的变化,从而证明了真菌和激素之间的直接关系。此外,适应性策略,例如在沙土H.中使用蜕皮激素失活酶和分泌的丝状蛋白,非常类似于宿主昆虫,被发现了,从而说明适应昆虫激素对于更好地理解昆虫和EPF之间的相互作用的重要性。
The insect hormones
ecdysone (20E) and juvenile hormone III (JH) have been demonstrated to stimulate the secretion of conidia mucilage and pigments in Hirsutella satumaensis. However, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Here, comparative transcriptome and proteome analyses were performed to identify the fungal genes and proteins of H. satumaensis that are up- or downregulated in response to insect hormones. A total of 17,407 unigenes and 1,016 proteins in conidia mucilage were identified. The genes involved in response to the hormones were classified into four functional groups: (1) stress response-related genes that are required for the removal of reactive oxygen species (glutathione synthetase, c7144) and genes involved in the response to osmotic stress in the hemocoel, such as those encoding proteins involved in the G, mTOR, and MAPK signaling pathways (2); insect hormone metabolic genes, including genes encoding ecdysteroid UDP-glucosyltransferase, ecdysteroid-22-kinase, and a key aldehyde dehydrogenase in a juvenile hormone synthesis pathway (3); secretory proteins that share homology with those of the host Bombyx mori, including fibrohexamerin, sericin 1, metalloprotease 1 protein, and silk gum protein, which were revealed by the omics data; and (4) proteins related to amino sugar metabolism and oxidative phosphorylation that were specifically expressed in mucilage in response to 20E and JH, respectively. These findings revealed that H. satumaensis can mount effective responses by modulating the expression of genes involved in the detoxification, adaptation, and evasion of insect hormone-mediated immune responses, providing fresh insights into fungal pathogen-host insect interactions.IMPORTANCEInsect hormones are highly important for the regulation of insect growth, development, and immune system function. Thus, the expansion of entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) could be affected by these hormones when they inhabit the host hemocoel. However, the molecular basis of EPF in response to insect hormones has yet to be determined. Our results revealed that EPF are impacted by 20E and JH, both of which act as signals, as these hormones lead to changes in metabolic pathways of the fungus, thus demonstrating a direct relationship between the fungus and the hormones. Furthermore, adaptive strategies, such as the use of
ecdysone-inactivating enzymes and secreted filamentous proteins in H. satumaensis, which strongly resemble those of the host insect, have been discovered, thus illustrating the importance of adaptation to insect hormones for a better understanding of the interaction between insects and EPF.