早产的发生与儿童残疾的潜在出现有关。早期干预计划旨在促进更好的发展成果。这些干预措施采用以家庭为中心的方法,其中父母被指示促进神经发育,从而促进儿童更多地参与他们的日常活动。这项调查的目的是评估早期基于家庭的干预措施对运动,认知,和语言发展。利用数据库PubMed,Medline,PEDro,Scopus,CINAHL完成,SciELO,打开灰色。使用的搜索词包括NDT(神经发育治疗),Bobath,神经发育疗法,父母管理,家庭管理,物理治疗方式,早期干预(教育),早期干预,早产儿,早产,和过早的。考虑了以英语或西班牙语编写的随机临床试验和观察性研究。最初的搜索结果是420篇文章。删除重复项并应用选择标准后,选择12篇文章进行系统评价,选择5篇文章进行荟萃分析。荟萃分析显示,在这项研究中,早期干预与认知功能增强之间存在显着关联(p=0.01)。此外,荟萃分析显示,早期基于家庭的干预(p=0.02)可改善运动功能.强调父母在神经发育中的参与和教育的早期运动干预在2岁时非常早产或极早产的婴儿的运动和认知区域显示出显著的结果。然而,在语言领域发现了不确定的效果,这是研究最少的领域。由于观察到的方法论异质性,需要进一步研究,以确定有关这些干预措施的管理和关键评估期的决定性决定。
The occurrence of preterm birth is correlated with the potential emergence of disabilities in children. Early intervention programs are designed to promote better developmental outcomes. These interventions employ family-centered methodologies, wherein parents are instructed to facilitate neurodevelopment, thereby promoting heightened involvement of the child in their daily activities. The objective of this investigation was to evaluate the efficacy of early family-based interventions on motor, cognitive, and language development. A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted utilizing the databases PubMed, Medline, PEDro, Scopus, CINAHL Complete, SciELO, and Open Grey. The search terms utilized included NDT (neuro-developmental treatment), Bobath, neurodevelopmental therapy, parents administered, family administered, physical therapy modalities, early intervention (educational), early intervention, premature infant, preterm, and premature. Randomized clinical trials and observational studies written in English or Spanish were taken into consideration. The initial search resulted in 420 articles. After removing duplicates and applying the selection criteria, 12 articles were selected for the systematic review and 5 articles were selected for the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis revealed a significant association between early intervention and enhanced cognitive function (p = 0.01) in this study. Additionally, the meta-analysis indicated improvements resulting from early family-based intervention (p = 0.02) in motor function. Early motor interventions that emphasize parent involvement and education in neurodevelopment show significant outcomes in motor and cognitive areas at 2 years of age in very premature or extremely premature infants. However, inconclusive effects have been found in the language area, which is the least studied domain. Due to the methodological heterogeneity observed, further research is needed to establish conclusive decisions regarding the administration of these interventions and the determination of key evaluation periods.