健康文献表明,失业对健康有性别影响。然而,男性还是女性受到的影响更大,原因尚不清楚。我们假设失业对女性的伤害小于对男性的伤害,这是由于两种机制:社会角色理论和健康选择。首先,就业以外的角色在个人生活中的可用性和中心地位可能会减少失业对妇女的不利影响。第二,失业对健康的性别影响来自不同性别选择机制的不同运作方式。此外,这两种机制可能在不同的环境中不同地运作-例如,跨越不同的性别制度。我们采用三步比较的方法对此进行了研究。该分析依赖于2004年至2015年涵盖意大利和瑞典的EU-SILC数据以及德国(1995年至2017年)的SOEP数据,并应用相关的动态随机效应概率模型。虽然我们发现对健康选择在塑造失业关系中的作用的支持较弱,健康,和性别,我们的实证结果符合在老年(与年轻)队列中更大的性别效应的假设,西部(vs东部)德国和意大利(vs.瑞典)。未来的实证研究需要直接解决性别制度在调节这种复杂关系中的作用。
Health literature shows that unemployment has a gendered effect on health. However, whether men or women are more affected and why remains unclear. We assume that unemployment harms women less than men because of two mechanisms: social roles theories and health selection. First, the availability and centrality in individuals\' lives of roles other than employment may reduce the detrimental effect of unemployment for women. Second, the gendered impact of unemployment on health results from the different ways selection mechanisms operate across genders. Moreover, these two mechanisms may operate differently in different contexts - for example, across different gender regimes. We investigate this by pursuing a three-step comparative approach. The analysis relies on EU-SILC data covering Italy and Sweden for 2004 to 2015 and SOEP data for Germany (1995-2017) and applies correlated dynamic random-effects probit models. While we find weak support for the role of health selection in shaping the relations between unemployment, health, and gender, our empirical results are in line with the hypothesis of a larger gendered effect in older (vs younger) cohorts, western (vs eastern) Germany and Italy (vs. Sweden). Future empirical research needs to directly address the role of gender regimes in moderating such complex relationships.