作为第三代太阳能电池的重要成员,染料敏化太阳能电池(DSSC)具有成本低的优点,具有简单的制造工艺,利用丰富的原材料和高功率转换效率(PCE),促使近三十年成为研究热点。最近,增加DSSC的光电转换效率已被证明是麻烦的。敏化剂,作为最重要的部分,不再局限于分子工程,染料聚集的调节已经成为一个广泛关注的问题,尤其是在液体DSSCs中。本文首先介绍了液态和固态染料敏化太阳能电池的工作机理,包括各种参数对器件效率的影响因素。其次,分子激子理论解释了染料聚集的机理,并总结了各种因素对染料聚集的影响。我们重点回顾了几种调节液态和固态染料敏化太阳能电池中染料聚集的方法,分析了这些方法的优缺点。此外,介绍了量子计算化学在染料聚集研究中的重要应用。最后,展望了利用染料聚集优势,将分子工程与染料聚集调控相结合,是未来提高液体DSSCs性能的研究方向。对于固态染料敏化太阳能电池(ssDSSCs),固体电解质的影响也需要考虑。
As an important member of third generation solar cell, dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have the advantages of being low cost, having an easy fabrication process, utilizing rich raw materials and a high-power conversion efficiency (PCE), prompting nearly three decades as a research hotspot. Recently, increasing the photoelectric conversion efficiency of DSSCs has proven troublesome. Sensitizers, as the most important part, are no longer limited to molecular engineering, and the regulation of dye aggregation has become a widely held concern, especially in liquid DSSCs. This review first presents the operational mechanism of liquid and solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells, including the influencing factors of various parameters on device efficiency. Secondly, the mechanism of dye aggregation was explained by molecular exciton theory, and the influence of various factors on dye aggregation was summarized. We focused on a review of several methods for regulating dye aggregation in liquid and solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells, and the advantages and disadvantages of these methods were analyzed. In addition, the important application of quantum computational chemistry in the study of dye aggregation was introduced. Finally, an outlook was proposed that utilizing the advantages of dye aggregation by combining molecular engineering with dye aggregation regulation is a research direction to improve the performance of liquid DSSCs in the future. For solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells (ssDSSCs), the effects of solid electrolytes also need to be taken into account.