背景:酒精诱导的面部潮红表型(潮红)在东亚人中很常见。尽管摄入少量酒精,他们经历了更高水平的乙醛,1组致癌物,这反过来又导致不愉快的症状,如发红,作为一个强大的保护机制,防止饮酒。然而,一些具有这种遗传特征的个体表现出减弱的酒精抑制作用,这增加了患酒精相关癌症的风险,如食道癌和头颈癌,超过10倍。尽管这种潮红现象对公众健康至关重要,缺乏全面调查潮红或其基因型对大量东亚人饮酒的影响的研究,同时在国家层面控制各种社会人口统计学和健康相关变量。
目的:这项为期两年的横断面研究旨在探讨潮红对韩国人饮酒行为的影响,并研究这种影响是否因社会人口统计学和健康相关因素而异。
方法:我们使用了韩国疾病控制和预防机构进行的2019-2020年韩国国家健康和营养检查调查的数据。我们的样本包括10660名韩国成年人。这项研究调查了26个变量的关联,包括冲洗,饮酒频率和数量。使用多项逻辑回归分析,在调整和不调整其他25个变量的情况下,检查了潮红的影响。此外,我们测试了与冲洗的相互作用效应,并进行了简单的效应分析。为了确保无偏见的结果,我们采用了复杂的样本设计元素,包括地层,集群,和重量,为了获得Rao-Scottχ2检验的无偏结果,t检验,和多项逻辑回归分析。
结果:2019年,在所有明显的饮酒类别中,潮红的抑制作用均显着,显著性水平为.001。标准化回归斜率和比值比的范围为-6.70≥-11.25和0.78≥OR≥0.50的频率;-5.37≥≥-17.64和0.73≥OR≥0.36的数量,分别。对混杂因素进行调整后,效果变得更强。随着酒精消耗的严重程度增加,该效果也表现出总体更强的趋势。与上一年相比,2020年的贝塔和赔率比一直较小。简单的效果分析显示,对于特定群体,潮红对饮酒的抑制作用减弱(例如,那些教育水平低的人,家庭支持有限,体力劳动,或与健康相关的问题)。
结论:我们的研究结果表明,潮红总体上抑制了韩国人的饮酒,但对某些脆弱人群影响很小或没有影响。因此,卫生当局应进行有针对性的流行病学研究,以评估饮酒模式和疾病概况,特别是与酒精有关的癌症,并制定针对该人群的有效预防措施。
背景:
BACKGROUND: The alcohol-induced facial flushing phenotype (flushing) is common among East Asians. Despite a small intake of alcohol, they experience heightened levels of acetaldehyde, a group-1 carcinogen, which, in turn, causes unpleasant symptoms such as redness, acting as a robust protective mechanism against consuming alcohol. However, some individuals with this genetic trait exhibit weakened alcohol restraint, which increases the risk of developing alcohol-related cancers, such as esophageal and head or neck cancer, by several times. Although this flushing phenomenon is crucial for public health, there is a paucity of studies that have comprehensively investigated the effect of flushing or its genotype on alcohol consumption in a large group of East Asians while controlling for various sociodemographic and health-related variables at a country level.
OBJECTIVE: This 2-year cross-sectional study aims to explore the effect of flushing on drinking behavior in Koreans and to examine whether the effect varies across sociodemographic and health-related factors.
METHODS: We used data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) for 2019 and 2020 conducted by the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency. Our sample comprised 10,660 Korean adults. The study investigated the association of 26 variables, including flushing, with drinking frequency and amount. The effect of flushing was examined with and without adjusting for the other 25 variables using multinomial logistic regression analysis. In addition, we tested the interaction effect with flushing and conducted a simple effect analysis. We used complex sample design elements, including strata, clusters, and weights, to obtain unbiased results for the Rao-Scott χ2 test, 2-tailed t test, and multinomial logistic regression analysis.
RESULTS: The suppressive effect of flushing was significant (P<.001) across all pronounced categories of alcohol consumption in 2019. The ranges of standardized regression slopes and odds ratios (ORs) were -6.70≥β≥-11.25 and 0.78≥OR≥0.50 for frequency and -5.37≥β≥-17.64 and 0.73≥OR≥0.36 for amount, respectively. The effect became somewhat stronger when adjusted for confounders. The effect also exhibited an overall stronger trend as the severity of alcohol consumption increased. The β values and ORs were consistently smaller in 2020 compared to the previous year. A simple effect analysis revealed a diminished alcohol-suppressive effect of flushing on alcohol consumption for specific groups (eg, those with low levels of education, limited family support, physical labor, or health-related issues).
CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that flushing suppresses drinking in Koreans overall but has little or no effect in certain susceptible populations. Therefore, health authorities should conduct targeted epidemiological studies to assess drinking patterns and disease profiles, particularly regarding alcohol-related cancers, and establish effective preventive measures tailored to this population.