水凝胶,由亲水均聚物或共聚物网络组成,具有类似于自然活组织的结构,使它们成为药物输送应用的理想选择,组织工程,和生物传感器。自从Wichterle和Lim在1960年首次合成水凝胶以来,广泛的研究导致了具有独特特征的各种类型。响应性水凝胶,当暴露于温度等刺激时会发生可逆的结构变化,pH值,或者特定的分子,特别有希望。温度敏感水凝胶,模仿生物过程,是研究最多的,聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)(PNIPAm)由于其较低的临界溶解温度约为32°C而突出。此外,pH响应水凝胶,由聚电解质组成,改变它们的结构以响应pH值的变化。尽管有潜力,传统的水凝胶通常缺乏机械强度。双网络(DN)水凝胶方法,龚于2003年推出,力学性能显著增强,导致创新,如形状可变形的DN水凝胶,有机/无机复合材料,和柔性显示设备。这些进步突出了水凝胶在需要精确和适应性材料性能的不同领域的潜力。在这次审查中,我们专注于具有IPN结构的响应性丙烯酰胺基水凝胶领域的进展,强调DN水凝胶的最新研究。
Hydrogels, composed of hydrophilic homopolymer or copolymer networks, have structures similar to natural living tissues, making them ideal for applications in drug delivery, tissue engineering, and biosensors. Since Wichterle and Lim first synthesized hydrogels in 1960, extensive research has led to various types with unique features. Responsive hydrogels, which undergo reversible structural changes when exposed to stimuli like temperature, pH, or specific molecules, are particularly promising. Temperature-sensitive hydrogels, which mimic biological processes, are the most studied, with poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAm) being prominent due to its lower critical solution temperature of around 32 °C. Additionally, pH-responsive hydrogels, composed of polyelectrolytes, change their structure in response to pH variations. Despite their potential, conventional hydrogels often lack mechanical strength. The double-network (DN) hydrogel approach, introduced by Gong in 2003, significantly enhanced mechanical properties, leading to innovations like shape-deformable DN hydrogels, organic/inorganic composites, and flexible display devices. These advancements highlight the potential of hydrogels in diverse fields requiring precise and adaptable material performance. In this review, we focus on advancements in the field of responsive acrylamide-based hydrogels with IPN structures, emphasizing the recent research on DN hydrogels.