新兴有机污染物(EOC)由于担心它们对人类和更广泛的环境的影响而受到越来越多的关注。岩溶含水层遍布全球,提供关键的水供应和维持河流和生态系统,特别容易受到污染。然而,EOC在喀斯特的分布仍然知之甚少。这项研究着眼于克罗地亚喀斯特地区EOC的发生,这是“古典”喀斯特的一个例子,一种高度发达的岩溶类型,发生在整个欧洲的迪纳里克地区。在两次采样活动中,从克罗地亚的17个喀斯特泉水和一个用于供水的喀斯特湖收集了样品。从740种化合物的屏幕上,共检测到65种化合物。来自药物组(n=26)和农用化学组(n=26)的EOC化合物是最常见的检测,而工业和人造甜味剂的浓度最高(范围为8-440ng/L)。检测到的化合物数量和检测频率表明岩溶对EOC污染的脆弱性。5种化合物的浓度(安赛蜜,三氯半乳蔗糖,全氟丁烷磺酸盐,emamectinB1b,和磷酸三苯酯)超过了欧盟标准,并且浓度可能对生态系统有害。总的来说,大多数检测是在低浓度(50%<1ng/L)。这可能是由于古典岩溶异常大的泉水中的高度稀释所致,或者由于集水区内污染源相对较少。然而,由于弹簧的高放电,EOC通量是相当大的(10至106ng/s)。观察到时间差异,但是没有清晰的模式,反映了在季节性和短期时间尺度上发生的岩溶泉的高度可变性质。这项研究是在岩溶地下水中进行的少数区域EOC调查之一,也是Dinaric岩溶地区的首次区域研究。这表明需要在岩溶地区对EOC进行更频繁和更广泛的采样,以保护人类健康和环境。
Emerging organic contaminants (EOCs) have become of increasing interest due to concerns about their impact on humans and the wider environment. Karst aquifers are globally widespread, providing critical water supplies and sustaining rivers and ecosystems, and are particularly susceptible to pollution. However, EOC distributions in karst remain quite poorly understood. This study looks at the occurrence of EOCs in the Croatian karst, which is an example of the \"classical\" karst, a highly developed type of karst that occurs throughout the Dinaric region of Europe. Samples were collected from 17 karst springs and one karst lake used for water supply in Croatia during two sampling campaigns. From a screen of 740 compounds, a total of 65 compounds were detected. EOC compounds from the pharmaceutical (n = 26) and agrochemical groups (n = 26) were the most frequently detected, while industrials and artificial sweeteners had the highest concentrations (range 8-440 ng/L). The number of detected compounds and the frequency of detection demonstrate the vulnerability of karst to EOC pollution. Concentrations of 5 compounds (acesulfame, sucralose, perfluorobutane sulfonate, emamectin B1b, and triphenyl phosphate) exceeded EU standards and occurred at concentrations that are likely to be harmful to ecosystems. Overall, most detections were at low concentrations (50 % <1 ng/L). This may be due to high dilution within the exceptionally large springs of the Classical karst, or due to relatively few pollution sources within the catchments. Nevertheless, EOC fluxes are considerable (10 to 106 ng/s) due to the high discharge of the springs. Temporal differences were observed, but without a clear pattern, reflecting the highly variable nature of karst springs that occurs over both seasonal and short-term timescales. This research is one of a handful of regional EOC investigations in karst groundwater, and the first regional study in the Dinaric karst. It demonstrates the need for more frequent and extensive sampling of EOCs in karst to protect human health and the environment.