背景:沟通技巧是营养师实践的基石。饮食专业正在发展,有必要综合有关沟通技巧的现有文献,以提高患者咨询的有效性并为从业者的发展提供信息。
目的:本范围审查旨在确定与饮食实践中使用的沟通技巧以及学生营养师的观念和经验有关的研究文献,营养师,和患者关于沟通技巧。
方法:此范围审查是根据JoannaBriggsInstitute的范围审查方法和最佳实践指导进行的。五个数据库(Medline;EMBASE;CINAHL;ERIC和PsycInfo);系统地搜索了八个饮食和健康专业教育协会的两个论文数据库和会议记录,以研究营养师的沟通技巧。这包括营养师与患者沟通中使用的技能,在不同就业环境下的沟通互动中,和不同形式的交流(口头,writed,技术)和学生营养师的观点,营养师,和病人,关于沟通技巧。搜索没有地理或时间限制。研究由两位作者独立筛选。
结果:纳入的70项研究历时45年,分为四个主题类别:(i)沟通技巧在饮食实践中的重要性;(ii)沟通技巧的发展;(iii)营养师与患者沟通的沟通技巧;(iv)更广泛的饮食实践的沟通技巧。65(92.9%)的研究专门探讨了用于营养师-患者咨询的沟通技巧,包括融洽的建筑,提问,听,解释和澄清,而跨文化交际等技能研究较少。
结论:患者和营养师之间就有助于有效的营养师与患者沟通的技能达成了共识。文献中探索较少的领域包括跨文化交流所需的技能和科学交流所需的技能。对当代饮食实践所需的沟通技巧的更多了解将指导营养师发展的教育策略。
BACKGROUND: Communication skills are a cornerstone of practice for dietitians. The field of dietetics is evolving and there is a need to synthesize the available literature on communication skills to improve the effectiveness of patient consultations and inform practitioner development.
OBJECTIVE: This scoping review aimed to identify the research literature relating to communication skills used in dietetics practice and perceptions and experiences of dietetics students, dietitians, and patients regarding communication skills.
METHODS: This scoping review was conducted in accordance with the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology for scoping reviews and best practice guidance. Five databases (Medline, Embase, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Education Resources Information Center, and PsycInfo), two theses databases, and conference proceedings for 8 dietetics and health professions education associations were systematically searched for research on dietitians\' communication skills. This included skills used in dietitian-patient communication, in communication interactions in different employment contexts, and diverse forms of communication (verbal, written, technological) and the views of dietetics students, dietitians, and patients, regarding communication skills. The search had no geographical or time limits. Studies were independently screened by two authors.
RESULTS: The 70 included studies spanned 45 years and were organized into four thematic categories: importance of communication skills in dietetics practice, development of communication skills, communication skills for dietitian-patient communication, and communication skills for wider dietetics practice. Sixty-five (92.9%) of the studies specifically explored the communication skills used for dietitian-patient consultations, including rapport building, questioning, listening, paraphrasing, and clarifying, whereas skills such as intercultural communication were less researched.
CONCLUSIONS: There is consensus between patients and dietitians regarding the skills that contribute to effective dietitian-patient communication. Areas less explored in the literature include the skills needed for intercultural communication and those needed for science communication. Greater understanding of the communication skills needed for contemporary nutrition and dietetics practice will guide education strategies for the development of dietitians.