代谢综合征的几个特点,如葡萄糖和脂质代谢失调,内皮功能障碍,胰岛素抵抗,低到中等的全身性炎症,和肠道微生物群失调,代表代谢综合征和糖尿病之间的病理桥梁,心血管,和神经退行性疾病。这篇综述旨在强调一些针对代谢综合征的治疗策略,涉及改善生活方式和日常饮食的综合方法。含有抗氧化多酚的食物的有益效果,肠道菌群控制,和身体活动也被考虑。我们全面审查了大量已发表的文章,涉及基础,动物,和人类研究,以及最近的指导方针。因此,来自天然植物抗氧化剂和坚持地中海饮食的膳食多酚,随着体育锻炼,是有希望的补充疗法,以延迟或预防代谢综合征的发作,并抵消糖尿病和心血管疾病,以及防止神经退行性疾病和认知能力下降。肠道微生物群的调节降低了与MS相关的风险,改善糖尿病和心血管疾病(CVD),并发挥神经保护作用。尽管有几项研究,膳食多酚摄入量的估计尚无定论,需要进一步的证据。涉及体力活动和减少卡路里摄入的生活方式干预可以改善代谢结果。
Several hallmarks of metabolic syndrome, such as dysregulation in the glucose and lipid metabolism, endothelial dysfunction, insulin resistance, low-to-medium systemic inflammation, and intestinal microbiota dysbiosis, represent a pathological bridge between metabolic syndrome and diabesity, cardiovascular, and neurodegenerative disorders. This review aims to highlight some therapeutic strategies against metabolic syndrome involving integrative approaches to improve lifestyle and daily diet. The beneficial effects of foods containing antioxidant polyphenols, intestinal microbiota control, and physical activity were also considered. We comprehensively examined a large body of published articles involving basic, animal, and human studie, as well as recent guidelines. As a result, dietary polyphenols from natural plant-based antioxidants and adherence to the Mediterranean diet, along with physical exercise, are promising complementary therapies to delay or prevent the onset of metabolic syndrome and counteract diabesity and cardiovascular diseases, as well as to protect against neurodegenerative disorders and cognitive decline. Modulation of the intestinal microbiota reduces the risks associated with MS, improves diabetes and cardiovascular diseases (CVD), and exerts neuroprotective action. Despite several studies, the estimation of dietary polyphenol intake is inconclusive and requires further evidence. Lifestyle interventions involving physical activity and reduced calorie intake can improve metabolic outcomes.