背景:已经为有视觉障碍的用户探索了数据可视化的可访问性,但是很少考虑有语言障碍的用户的需求。
目的:这项范围审查综合了有关语言障碍成年人的数据可视化的知识,特别是后天的语言障碍,失语症和发展性语言障碍。它试图提取关键发现,并确定哪些做法支持有效的可视化,以便为语言障碍人士做出决策。
方法:如果论文调查了数据的可视化,数据可视化的消费者是失语症或发育性语言障碍的人。搜索了七个数据库:CINAHL,学术搜索,Medline,心理信息,奥维德,ACM数字图书馆和IEEEXplore。纳入的研究被绘制成提取标题,作者(S),Year,国家,纸张类型,科学领域,参与者编号(S),参与者组,主要议题,subtopic,方法,任务描述,任务类别,数据可视化,summary,与审查问题相关的关键发现,和指导方针或建议。叙事综合被用来描述语言障碍患者如何与一系列文献中的数据可视化进行交互。
结果:6项研究(7篇出版物)纳入了综述。一项研究来自健康领域,一项来自残疾人权利合作,四项来自计算机科学。没有满足审查标准的研究探索了发展性语言障碍的数据可视化;然而,五项研究探索了认知障碍的参与者,包括语言障碍,所以这些都包括在内。发现了一系列可视化设计。研究主要探索对可视化的理解(4/6)。一项研究探索了如何直观地表达数据,一个人探索了可视化的用途,为了一个行动,选择,或决定。认知上可访问的数据可视化实践在四篇论文中进行了描述并进行了综合。报道的支持性实践减少了与处理可视化相关的认知负荷,并增加了数据可视化的个人相关性。
结论:对于患有失语症和发育性语言障碍的成年人的可访问数据可视化仅进行了很少的探索。具体支持语言障碍用户的做法尚不明显。由于数据在日常决策中的使用非常普遍,未来的研究应该探索语言障碍患者如何利用数据可视化。
结论:关于这一主题的已知内容视觉资源被广泛用于支持有语言障碍的人理解语言。也就是说,图标,映射时间线等等,用于支持听觉处理。然而,例如,没有语言障碍的人经常使用数据可视化来支持日常决策,实时交通数据的可视化用于为用户提供到达目的地的最佳路线。目前尚不清楚是否有任何工作探索了语言障碍患者的数据可视化。本文对现有知识的补充本文汇集了对患有发育性语言障碍或失语症的成年人使用数据可视化的研究,有语言障碍的人。它强调了针对语言障碍的包容性数据可视化设计方面的差距,以及探索在这些人群中使用数据可视化进行决策的最少研究。这项工作的临床意义是什么?对数据的访问可以增强。它有可能使机构参与决策并增加社会参与。因此,关于如何为语言障碍人士设计包容性数据可视化的现有知识差距构成了排斥和对知情决策的威胁的风险。突出当前的文献领域可能会推动研究和临床活动。
BACKGROUND: Accessibility of data visualization has been explored for users with visual disabilities but the needs of users with language disabilities have seldom been considered.
OBJECTIVE: This scoping review synthesised what is known about data visualization for adults with language disabilities, specifically the acquired language disability, aphasia and Developmental Language Disorder. It sought to extract key findings and identify what practices support effective visualization for decision making for people with language disabilities.
METHODS: Papers were included if they investigated visualization of data, and the consumers of the data visualization were people with aphasia or developmental language disability. Seven databases were searched: CINAHL, Academic Search, Medline, PsychINFO, Ovid, ACM Digital Library and IEEE Xplore. Included studies were charted to extract title, author(s), year, country, paper type, scientific field, participant number(s), participant group(s), main topic, subtopic, method, task description, task category, data visualization, summary, key findings relevant to the review question, and guidelines or recommendations. Narrative synthesis was used to describe how people with language disability have interacted with data visualization from a range of literature.
RESULTS: Six studies (seven publications) were included in the review. One study came from the field of health, one from a disability rights collaboration and four studies from computer science. No studies satisfying the review criteria explored data visualization for Developmental Language Disorder; however, five studies explored participants with cognitive disabilities that included impairments of language, so these were included. A range of visualization designs were found. Studies predominantly explored understanding of visualization (4/6). One study explored how to express data visually, and one explored the use of the visualization that is, for an action, choice, or decision. Cognitively accessible data visualization practices were described in four papers and synthesized. Supportive practices reported were reducing the cognitive load associated with processing a visualization and increasing personal relevance of data visualization.
CONCLUSIONS: Accessible data visualization for adults with aphasia and Developmental Language Disorder has only minimally been explored. Practices to specifically support users with language disability are not yet apparent. As data use in making everyday decisions is widespread, future research should explore how people with language disabilities make use of data visualization.
CONCLUSIONS: What is already known on this subject Visual resources are used widely to support people with language disabilities in understanding of language. That is, icons, maps timelines and so forth, are used to support auditory processing. However, data visualization is used routinely by people without a language disability to support everyday decisions for example, visualization of live traffic data is used to provide users with the best route to their destination. It is unclear whether any work has explored data visualization for people with language disabilities. What this paper adds to existing knowledge This paper brings together research on the use of data visualization by adults with either Developmental Language Disorder or aphasia, collectively people with language disabilities. It highlights a gap in the design of inclusive data visualization for language disabilities and the minimal research exploring the use of data visualization for decision making in these populations. What are the clinical implications of this work? Access to data can be empowering. It has potential to enable agency in decisions and increase social participation. The existing gap in knowledge about how to design inclusive data visualization for people with language disabilities thus poses a risk of exclusion and threats to informed decision making. Highlighting the current field of literature may drive research and clinical activity.