检测犬以其感知不同气味的卓越能力而闻名,可以在完成各种搜救任务中发挥重要作用。最近的研究表明,检测犬良好的嗅觉功能可能与肠道微生物通过胃肠道和大脑之间的双向通信有关。在这项研究中,三种类型的检测犬的肠道微生物群落(斯普林格猎犬,拉布拉多猎犬,和德国牧羊犬)进行了研究和比较。结果表明,德国牧羊犬的肠道微生物组的丰富度和多样性明显高于拉布拉多猎犬和斯普林格猎犬。在门一级,检测犬的最主要的肠道微生物群落由梭菌组成,拟杆菌,Firmicutes,变形杆菌,弯曲杆菌,和放线菌.在属水平上,最主要的肠道微生物群落由梭杆菌组成,Megamonas,普雷沃氏菌,Alloprevotella,拟杆菌,嗜血杆菌,厌氧螺旋藻,螺杆菌,Megasphaera,肽梭菌,相颈杆菌,和链球菌。然而,三个犬组的肠道微生物群落也存在明显差异。梭杆菌的平均相对丰度,普雷沃氏菌,Alloprevotella,Megamonas,拟杆菌,在三组中,相颈杆菌表现出显着差异。根据幼龄检测犬肠道微生物组的特征和图像,可以应用多种营养干预措施来操纵肠道微生物群,目的是改善健康状况和嗅觉表现。
The detection dogs are well-known for their excellent capabilities to sense different kinds of smells, which can play an important role in completing various searching and rescuing missions. The recent studies have demonstrated that the excellent olfactory function of detection dogs might be related with the gut microbes via the bidirectional communications between the gastrointestinal tract and the brain. In this study, the gut microbial communities of three types of breeds of detection dogs (Springer Spaniel, Labrador Retriever, and German Shepherd) were studied and compared. The results revealed that the richness and the diversity of gut microbiome German Shepherd dogs were significantly higher than the Labrador Retriever dogs and the Springer Spaniel dogs. At the phylum level, the most predominant gut microbial communities of the detection dogs were comprised of Fusobacteriota, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Campilobacterota, and Actinobacteriota. At the genus level the most predominant gut microbial communities were comprised of Fusobacterium, Megamonas, Prevotella, Alloprevotella, Bacteroides, Haemophilus, Anaerobiospirillum, Helicobacter, Megasphaera, Peptoclostridium, Phascolarctobacterium, and Streptococcus. However, the gut microbial communities of the three dogs group were also obviously different. The mean relative abundance of Fusobacterium, Prevotella, Alloprevotella, Megamonas, Bacteroides, and Phascolarctobacterium presented significant differences in the three groups. According to the portraits and characteristics of the gut microbiome in young detection dogs, multiple kinds of nutritional interventions could be applied to manipulate the gut microbiota, with the aim of improving the health states and the olfactory performances.