An infratentorial abscess is a medical emergency. Common sources of abscesses are otogenic foci, sinusitis, or dental abscess, rarely congenital defects like dermoid cysts with sinus along with cerebrospinal axis can lead to infratentorial abscess. This case report describes a four-year-old girl with pus discharging from the occipital area. Radiological imaging revealed a cerebellar abscess with the sinus tract open exteriorly through an occipital cortical defect with obstructive hydrocephalus. The patient underwent neurosurgical intervention followed by antibiotic therapy. Histopathology of the tissue sample was suggestive of a dermoid cyst. Congenital defects should not be ignored. All newborns should have a thorough physical examination to identify birth defects. As these defects can cause life-threatening complications, early recognition with early surgical intervention is the treatment of choice.

Pelvic masses frequently originate from the pelvic cavity and are often associated with uterine, ovarian, or intestinal disorders. This report describes the case of a patient with a pelvic mass diagnosed as a retroperitoneal dermoid cyst at our hospital. We analyzed this case and conducted a literature review, to mitigate the risk of misdiagnosis and enhance the treatment of retroperitoneal masses.

Neonates are obligatory nasal breathers hence nasal obstruction is a very important symptom to be evaluated. Although causes can be trivial most of the time, they can be life-threatening in some. Respiratory distress immediately after birth, feeding difficulties, paradoxical cyanosis, and failure to thrive are the most evident symptoms, and determination of unilateral or bilateral involvement guides the rationale for elective or emergency intervention. This study aimed to evaluate the causes, presentation, and management of neonates with nasal obstruction. We collected the data of all the neonates evaluated for nasal obstruction at our hospital over the past 20 years from June 2003 to May 2023 and assessed the strategy of approach for diagnosis and management of those cases. In our study, the commonest cause for neonatal nasal obstruction was found to be choanal atresia and the rarest was iatrogenic. A variety of other causes were also reported. As neonatal nasal obstruction has a multitude of rare causes each carries a unique assessment and treatment plan. History taking and clinical examination are the most important parts of evaluation including endoscopic evaluation in an office-based setup. Imaging studies add to the evaluation of cases of anatomical obstructions and associated anomalies (syndromes). Early diagnosis and swift intervention can be life-saving. The need for follow-up visits and second-stage corrections should be emphasized in getting the best long-term results.

暂无摘要。

Dermoid nasal cysts (congenital nasal median heterotopias) are a rare congenital pathology in children.
OBJECTIVE: Yo consider the clinical picture, methods of radiation diagnosis and to study the surgical results of a dermoid cyst of the nose according to the literature.
METHODS: A retrospective review of medical histories with the diagnosis of \"Dermoid cyst of the back of the nose and nasal cavity, epidermal cyst of the back of the nose, glioma, encephalocele\" was conducted from 2017 to 2022 in the Pediatric Otorhinolaryngological Department of the National Medical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngology of the Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia. The case histories were analyzed by the nature of the lesion, the imaging techniques performed, the course of the operation and the results obtained.
METHODS: A total of 16 medical histories were analyzed, the average age was 4.5 years (range 10 months - 15 years), over the past 5 years with a diagnosis of \"Dermoid cyst of the nasal dorsum and nasal cavity, glioma, epidermal cyst of the nasal dorsum, encephalocele\". All patients underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the preoperative period, 14 patients also underwent computed tomography (CT).
RESULTS: Of these, 7 had a confirmed dermoid cyst with a fistula, 3 patients without a fistula, 3 patients had glioma, and 1 had encephalocele, 2 patients had an epidermoid cyst. A fistulous opening of the dermoid cyst of the nasal dorsum and nasal cavity was observed in the upper third of the nasal dorsum in 3 children, in the middle third in 2 patients and in the lower third in 2 children. The article presents a scheme for the characteristics of the lesion and the tactics of surgical treatment in comparison with the data of foreign authors. Intraoperatively, intracranial spread occurred in 6 patients. Various surgical approaches for intracranial proliferation and a corresponding literature review are also presented. Catamnestic follow-up ranged from 1 to 5 years (on average, 3.5 years), no relapses or postoperative complications were noted.
CONCLUSIONS: Nasal median heterotopias are a rare congenital anomaly. Preoperative preparation should include CT and MRI to assess the lesion and exclude intracranial spread. The surgical approach depended directly on the localization of heterotopia and its spread. All patients had a good cosmetic result after the surgical treatment performed by us according to the author\'s method.
Дермоидные кисты носа (врожденные назальные срединные гетеротопии) являются редкой врожденной патологией у детей.
UNASSIGNED: Проанализировать клиническую картину, методы лучевой диагностики и изучить результаты хирургического лечения врожденных назальных гетеротопий у детей в течение последних 5 лет.
UNASSIGNED: Проведен ретроспективный обзор историй болезни с диагнозом «дермоидная киста спинки носа и полости носа, эпидермальная киста спинки носа, глиома, энцефалоцеле» с 2017 по 2022 г. в детском оториноларингологическом отделении ФГБУ «НМИЦО ФМБА России». Истории болезни проанализированы по характеру поражения, выполненным методам визуализации, ходу операции и полученным результатам. Всего проанализированы 16 историй болезни за последние 5 лет с диагнозом «дермоидная киста спинки носа и полости носа, глиома, эпидермальная киста спинки носа, энцефалоцеле», средний возраст пациентов составил 4,5 года (диапазон 10 мес — 15 лет). Всем пациентам выполнена в предоперационном периоде магнитно-резонансная томография, 14 пациентам — также компьютерная томография.
UNASSIGNED: У 7 пациентов подтверждена дермоидная киста со свищевым ходом, у 3 — без свищевого хода, у 3 — глиома, у 1 — энцефалоцеле, у 2 — эпидермоидная киста. Свищевое отверстие дермоидной кисты спинки носа и полости носа наблюдали в верхней трети спинки носа у 3 детей, в средней трети — у 2, в нижней трети — у 2. Представлена схема характеристики поражения и тактики хирургического лечения в сравнении с данными зарубежных авторов. Интраоперационно интракраниальное распространение имело место у 6 пациентов. Рассмотрены различные хирургические подходы при внутричерепном распространении и представлен соответствующий обзор литературы. Катамнестическое наблюдение составило от 1 до 5 лет (в среднем 3,5 года), рецидивов или послеоперационных осложнений не было.
UNASSIGNED: Назальные срединные гетеротопии являются редкой врожденной аномалией. Предоперационное обследование должно включать компьютерную томографию и магнитно-резонансную томографию для оценки поражения и исключения внутричерепного распространения. Хирургический подход зависит напрямую от локализации и распространения гетеротопии. У всех пациентов после выполненного нами хирургического лечения по авторской методике наблюдался хороший косметический результат.

(1) Background: Dermoid cysts occurring in the sublingual space are uncommon, typically manifesting as painless, gradually enlarging masses, usually not exceeding 3 cm in diameter. These cysts can resemble various conditions due to their clinical presentation, with a relatively low occurrence rate in the oral cavity, accounting for about 1.6% of all dermoid cysts. (2) Methods: We present the case of a 17-year-old female with a giant dermoid cyst involving the submental, sublingual, and lingual areas, undiagnosed for several years. Diagnosis was achieved through MRI and fine-needle aspiration, leading to the decision for surgical removal through a cervical approach. (3) Results: The healing process was uneventful. From the first day post-surgery, the patient began myofunctional therapy, successfully regaining proper tongue functions. Throughout a 24-month follow-up, the patient remained symptom-free. (4) Conclusions: A cervical approach can successfully treat giant oral dermoid cysts involving submental, sublingual, and lingual spaces. Tongue function can be successfully regained through myofunctional therapy after surgical treatment.

暂无摘要。

Struma ovarii is a monodermal teratoma characterized by the presence of >50% thyroid tissue. It is mostly benign; therefore, preoperative diagnosis is important. It usually manifests as a multilocular cystic mass but rarely as a predominantly solid mass. On magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), solid-appearing struma ovarii showed early signal intensity enhancement on dynamic gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted images, which histopathologically indicates the presence of thyroid tissue with abundant blood vessels. The Ovarian-Adnexal Reporting and Data System (O-RADS) MRI score is a validated classification worldwide for characterizing adnexal lesions. Based on the morphology, signal intensity, and enhancement of any solid tissue on the MRI, the scoring system can be used to classify adnexal lesions into five categories from score one (no adnexal mass) to score five (high risk of malignancy). An adnexal solid mass with a higher signal intensity than that of the myometrium 30-40 seconds after gadolinium (Gd) injection on non-dynamic contrast-enhanced (non-DCE) MRI was assigned a score of 5 (high risk of malignancy).  We present a case of solid-appearing struma ovarii with a higher signal intensity than that of the myometrium 30 seconds after Gd injection on non-DCE MRI, and it was classified as score five preoperatively. Therefore, a total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy was performed despite the presence of a benign ovarian mass. When an adnexal mass with a higher signal intensity than that of the myometrium 30-40 seconds after Gd injection on non-DCE MRI is encountered, struma ovarii should be included in the differential diagnosis, despite the O-RADS MRI score of five and management of the situation should be discussed.

BACKGROUND: Mature cystic teratomas or dermoid cysts of the pancreas complicate surgical approaches because of their anatomical position and ever-growing size. Herein, we report a case of a giant mature cystic teratoma of the pancreas that was successfully resected via complete laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy (LDP).
METHODS: A 39-year-old female patient was referred to our hospital for the evaluation of a pancreatic tumor. Three years of follow-up revealed that the tumor had increased in size to 18 cm, with hyperintense solid components on diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. Considering the possibility of malignancy, we decided to perform an LDP. The capsule appeared solid enough to withstand the retraction of the endoscopic forceps. Tumor size made it difficult to dissect the dorsal side of the tumor from the caudal to the cranial side. Early transection of the pancreas and additional ports facilitated dissection of the dorsal side of the tumor. We completed the LDP without intraoperative cyst rupture. On pathological examination, the tumor was diagnosed as a mature cystic teratoma originating from the pancreatic tail. The patient was discharged on postoperative day 13 with no complications.
CONCLUSIONS: LDP may be an option for surgical procedures in patients with large cystic lesions of the pancreatic body or tail. Intraoperative observation of the tumor and surgical refinement are necessary to complete the laparoscopic procedure without tumor rupture.

BACKGROUND: Mature cystic teratoma co-existing with a mucinous cystadenocarcinoma is a rare tumor that few cases have been reported until now. In these cases, either a benign teratoma is malignantly transformed into adenocarcinoma or a collision tumor is formed between a mature cystic teratoma and a mucinous tumor, which is either primarily originated from epithelial-stromal surface of the ovary, or secondary to a primary gastrointestinal tract tumor. The significance of individualizing the two tumors has a remarkable effect on further therapeutic management.
METHODS: In this case, a mature cystic teratoma is co-existed with a mucinous cystadenocarcinoma in the same ovary in a 33-year-old Iranian female. Computed Tomography (CT) Scan with additional contrast of the left ovarian mass suggested a teratoma, whereas examination of resected ovarian mass reported an adenocarcinoma with a cystic teratoma. A dermoid cyst with another multi-septate cystic lesion including mucoid material was revealed in the gross examination of the surgical specimen. Histopathological examination revealed a mature cystic teratoma in association with a well-differentiated mucinous cystadenocarcinoma. The latter showed a CK7-/CK20 + immune profile. Due to the lack of clinical, radiological, and biochemical discoveries attributed to a primary lower gastrointestinal tract tumor, the immune profile proposed the chance of adenocarcinomatous transformation of a benign teratoma.
CONCLUSIONS: This case shows the significance of large sampling, precise recording of the gross aspects, histopathological examination, immunohistochemical analysis, and the help of radiological and clinical results to correctly diagnose uncommon tumors.