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Facial neutrophilic dermatosis is a relatively recent and rare entity. Herein, we report an original case with a clinical appearance of crusty pyoderma gangrenosum and limited face involvement, classifying it as neutrophilic dermatosis (ND) of the face. The latter is an infrequent entity and forms part of the ND spectrum. The few reported cases in the literature are characterized by a restricted distribution on the face, as in our case. Nevertheless, this entity remains controversial: some consider it a variant of Sweet\'s syndrome; others see it as a truly independent entity. Matthews et al. reported an association between ND of the face, as in the case of our patient with a crusty appearance, and ulcerative colitis. Our observation and that of Matthews et al. underline the wide and varied potential for the clinical presentation of this entity.

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Idiopathic Eruptive Macular Pigmentation (IEMP) is an uncommon and possibly underdiagnosed dermatosis. It manifests as asymptomatic pigmented macules over the face, trunk and proximal extremities among children and adolescents. Degos et al. first documented this condition in 1978, unveiling its distinct characteristics. The macules, initially dark brown-black, naturally diminish over several months to years, with no lasting pigmentation or scarring. In this report, we highlight the case of a 14-year-old girl displaying all the distinctive traits of IEMP.

This case describes a pediatric patient with a history of ichthyosis vulgaris and global anhidrosis who was diagnosed with erythema ab igne (EAI), a rare dermatosis resulting from chronic heat exposure. After developing progressive, reticulated brown patches on his extremities and abdomen, extensive diagnostic investigations were conducted to rule out autoimmune, vascular, and genetic etiologies. Bloodwork was unrevealing and biopsies showed histologic features closely resembling keratosis lichenoides chronica. Ultimately, after discovering the patient had prolonged exposure to a space heater, the diagnosis of EAI was made. This case underscores the diagnostic challenges in pediatric EAI cases and emphasizes the importance of careful history taking as part of a comprehensive evaluation.

Cutaneous fungal infections are one of the most common skin conditions, hence, the burden of determining fungal elements upon microscopic examination with periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and Gomori methenamine silver (GMS) stains, is very time consuming. Despite some morphological variability posing challenges to training artificial intelligence (AI)-based solutions, these structures are favored potential targets, enabling the recruitment of promising AI-based technologies. Herein, we present a novel AI solution for identifying skin fungal infections, potentially providing a decision support system for pathologists. Skin biopsies of patients diagnosed with a cutaneous fungal infection at the Sheba Medical Center, Israel between 2014 and 2023, were used. Samples were stained with PAS and GMS and digitized by the Philips IntelliSite scanner. DeePathology® STUDIO fungal elements were annotated and deemed as ground truth data after an overall revision by two specialist pathologists. Subsequently, they were used to create an AI-based solution, which has been further validated in other regions of interests. The study participants were divided into two cohorts. In the first cohort, the overall sensitivity of the algorithm was 0.8, specificity 0.97, F1 score 0.78; in the second, the overall sensitivity of the algorithm was 0.93, specificity 0.99, F1 score 0.95. The results obtained are encouraging as proof of concept for an AI-based fungi detection algorithm. DeePathology® STUDIO can be employed as a decision support system for pathologists when diagnosing a cutaneous fungal infection using PAS and GMS stains, thereby, saving time and money.