背景:天然产物在牙科中的应用已被广泛探索。Anchovy(拉丁语中的Stolephorus)已经检查了其生物活性含量(钙,磷和氟)作为骨刺激和牙齿发育的试剂,局部氟化和盖髓。球磨已用于从蛇头鱼骨制备氧化钙纳米颗粒。
目的:该研究的目的是减少Stolephorussp的粒径。使用高能球磨8、12和24小时将粉末制成纳米级,并通过比较粉末特性来分析最佳研磨时间。
方法:TheStolephorussp.在50°C烘箱干燥6小时,然后整条鱼被碾成粉末。通过将材料共混5分钟并使其通过200目筛来生产鱼粉。将剩余的干鱼再次混合5分钟直至其通过筛子。使用高能研磨在3个不同的时间点(8、12和24小时)进行自上而下的粒度减小方法。使用粒度分析仪评估粉末的特性,傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)和扫描电子显微镜-能量色散光谱仪(SEM-EDS)。
结果:TheStolephorussp.粉末含有64.50%的蛋白质,7,420mg/kg钠,28,912毫克/千克钙,和1,924mg/kg镁。高能研磨过程导致粒度从微米级减小到纳米级。平均粒径和多分散指数的分析表明,24小时的研磨显示出最佳结果。此外,功能组在3次研磨时无明显变化(p≥0.05,FTIR分析)。
结论:高能研磨方法具有降低Stolephorussp的粒径的潜力。粉末在8小时和24小时研磨期间达到纳米级。由24小时研磨过程产生的粉末的尺寸为789.3±170.7nm,平滑的尺寸分布,尺寸均匀性好,多分散指数为0.763,有机和无机化合物含量没有显著变化,钙/磷比最接近羟基磷灰石(HAp)。
BACKGROUND: The application of natural products in dentistry has been widely explored. Anchovy (Stolephorus in Latin) has been examined for its bioactive content (calcium, phosphorus and fluoride) as an agent for bone stimulation and tooth development, topical fluoridation and pulp capping. Ball milling has been used to prepare calcium oxide nanoparticles from snakehead fish bone.
OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to reduce the particle size of Stolephorus sp. powder to the nanoscale using high-energy ball milling for 8, 12 and 24 h, and to analyze the optimal milling time by comparing the powder characteristics.
METHODS: The Stolephorus sp. were oven-dried at 50°C for 6 h, after which the entire fish were crushed into powder. The fish powder was produced by blending the material for 5 min and passing it through a 200-mesh sieve. The remaining dried fish was blended again for 5 min until it passed through the sieve. The top-down approach to the particle size reduction was performed using high-energy milling at 3 distinct time points (8, 12 and 24 h). The characteristics of the powder were evaluated using a particle size analyzer, a Fourier-transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS).
RESULTS: The Stolephorus sp. powder contained 64.50% protein, 7,420 mg/kg sodium, 28,912 mg/kg calcium, and 1,924 mg/kg magnesium. The high-energy milling process resulted in a reduction of the particle size from the microscale to the nanoscale. The analysis of the average particle size and polydispersity index indicated that 24 h of milling showed the most optimal results. Furthermore, the functional groups exhibited no significant alteration at 3 milling times (p ≥ 0.05, FTIR analysis).
CONCLUSIONS: The high-energy milling method has the potential to reduce the particle size of Stolephorus sp. powder to the nanoscale at the 8- and 24-h milling periods. The powder resulting from the 24-h milling process had a size of 789.3 ±170.7 nm, smooth size distribution, good size uniformity, a polydispersity index of 0.763, no significant change in organic and inorganic compound content, and a calcium/phosphorus ratio that was the closest to that of hydroxyapatite (HAp).