背景:登革热(DF)是全球最普遍的虫媒病毒感染之一。在伊朗,登革热阳性血清学病例以及登革热媒介埃及伊蚊的存在引起了健康问题,强调需要加强登革热监测系统。这项研究旨在评估知识,态度,和做法(KAP)的医疗保健专业人员(HCP)有关登革热在伊朗东南部的一个大和高风险地区。
方法:从2022年5月至2023年7月,使用多阶段抽样方法共招募了492名HCP。使用自我管理问卷收集数据。数据分析采用独立t检验,单向方差分析(ANOVA),单因素和多因素通用线性模型,以及简单和多元回归模型。
结果:大约三分之二(71%)的参与者没有接受任何DF培训。一小部分参与者熟悉诱蚊产卵器(32.6%),只有21.7%的参与者知道破坏幼虫的繁殖地不能消除登革热媒介。发现边境地区HCPs对疾病症状的认识低于非边境地区(P=0.018)。然而,在边境地区工作的HCPs的实践情况优于在非边境地区(P=0.003)。根据多元回归模型,与知识相关的最有影响力的因素,态度,实践是医疗机构的类型,并通过了DF培训课程。此外,教育水平,工作经验,性别被确定为与之相关的其他因素,分别。发现知识和实践之间存在显著相关性(P<0.001),表明更高的知识导致更好的实践。同样,积极的态度与更好的实践显著相关(P<0.001)。
结论:常规,有针对性的,和持续的培训课程是必要的,以提高HCPs的知识水平,特别是那些在低级卫生中心工作的教育水平较低的人。利用全面的登革热KAP研究来评估健康教育计划的状况和影响,并确定知识与实践之间的差距应该是研究的重点。
BACKGROUND: Dengue fever (DF) is one of the most prevalent arboviral infections worldwide. In Iran, the dengue-positive serological cases as well as the presence of the dengue vector Aedes aegypti have raised health concerns, highlighting the need to enhance the dengue surveillance system. This study aims to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of healthcare professionals (HCPs) regarding dengue fever in a large and high-risk region of southeastern Iran.
METHODS: A total of 492 HCPs were recruited using a multi-stage sampling method from May 2022 to July 2023. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire. Data analysis was done using independent t-tests, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), one-factor and multi-factor general linear models, and simple and multiple regression models.
RESULTS: About two-thirds (71%) of the participants did not receive any training on DF. A small percentage of participants were familiar with ovitrap (32.6%) and only 21.7% knew that destroying larval breeding sites could not eliminate the dengue vector. The knowledge of disease symptoms among HCPs was found to be lower in border areas compared to non-border areas (P = 0.018). However, the practice situation in HCPs working in border areas was better than in non-borders (P = 0.003). According to the multiple regression model, the most influential factors associated with knowledge, attitude, and practice were the type of healthcare facility and passing the DF training course. Additionally, education level, work experience, and gender were identified as other factors associated with it, respectively. Significant correlations were found between knowledge and practice (P < 0.001), indicating that higher knowledge led to better practice. Similarly, a positive attitude was significantly linked to better practice (P < 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS: Regular, targeted, and continuous training courses are necessary to improve the knowledge level of HCPs, particularly those with lower education levels working in low-level health centers. Utilizing comprehensive dengue KAP studies to evaluate the status and impact of health education programs and identify gaps between knowledge and practice should be a research priority.