COVID-19大流行是一场前所未有的全球危机,具有严重的社会经济,身心健康后果。然而,它对心理健康和决策困难的长期影响仍未被探索。这项研究的目的是确定在意大利人口中心理障碍的患病率和严重程度在一年后爆发;进一步,我们调查了影响心理健康和决策的潜在风险.2021年3月,586人(18-73岁)完成了一项在线调查以及一项计算机化的延迟贴现任务,以获得假设的金钱奖励。
心理症状的患病率超过了意大利的封锁率,大约三分之一的人报告中度到极度严重的抑郁症,第三个焦虑,和休息压力;反映在临床显着严重程度的症状增加。大流行一年后,我们一半的样本至少有一个心理问题,三分之一的人有发生更严重的临床心理结局的风险.对失业的恐惧,孤独感和对不确定性的不容忍是心理健康的主要危险因素。另外,社会关系和财务不确定性是抑郁症的关键决定因素,而对COVID-19感染的恐惧预示着焦虑症状。对于决策倾向,延迟贴现率提高,暗示不太面向未来的行为,主要是通过增加的失业恐惧和年龄(>35岁)来预测的。
本研究提供了横断面证据。
抑郁症,在进入COVID-19的一年中,焦虑和压力水平仍然令人担忧。经历财务不安全的个人,孤独和对不确定性的不容忍可能从早期干预中获益最大.各国政府需要及时实施恢复计划,以减少财政不安全,鉴于其重大的心理健康影响和决策结果。
The COVID-19 pandemic represents an unprecedented worldwide crisis with serious socioeconomic, physical and mental health consequences. However, its long-lasting effects on both mental health and decision-making difficulties remain unexplored. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and severity of psychological disorders in Italy\'s populace one-year after the outbreak; further, we investigated potential risks impacting mental health and decision-making.
In March 2021, 586 individuals (18-73 years) completed an online-survey plus a computerized delay discounting task for hypothetical money rewards.
Psychological symptoms prevalence exceeded the Italy\'s lockdown rates, with about one-third reporting moderate-to-extremely severe depression, another third anxiety, and the rest stress; mirrored by an increase of symptoms at clinically significant severity levels. One year into the pandemic, half of our sample presented at least one psychological problem, and one-third was at risk of developing a more clinically severe psychological outcome. Fear of job loss, loneliness and intolerance of uncertainty were among the major risk factors to mental health. Plus, social-relationships and financial uncertainty were key determinants of depression, while fear of COVID-19 infection predicted anxiety symptoms. For decision-making tendencies, elevated delay discounting rates, implying less future-oriented behaviors, were mostly predicted by increased job loss fear and older age (>35 years).
This study provides cross-sectional evidence.
Depression, anxiety and stress levels were still alarming one-year into COVID-19. Individuals experiencing financial insecurity, loneliness and intolerance of uncertainty perhaps benefit most from early interventions. Governments need to implement timely recovery plans to reduce financial insecurity, given its significant mental health impact and decision-making outcomes.