巴西是世界上最大的农药消费国之一。这种大量使用会影响环境,并使广泛的个人接触农药,包括职业暴露的农村工人和环境暴露的农村居民。我们旨在评估职业暴露于农药对农村工人和农村居民健康的影响。我们对CasimirodeAbreu(里约热内卢,巴西)。比较组(城市居民)包括同一城市市区的103名居民。我们使用Ellman's方法的改进版本来评估接触,确定了乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)和丁酰胆碱酯酶(BChE)的活性。此外,我们通过彗星试验和胞质分裂阻滞微核(CBMN)试验进行了基因毒性和致突变性分析.胆碱酯酶活性降低,主要是BChE,农村劳动者和农村居民与城镇居民相比(p=0.002)。与城市居民相比,农村工人的遗传毒性作用有所增加(彗星测定,p<0.001;CBMN测定,p<0.001)。此外,根据彗星试验(比值比[OR]7.6,95%置信区间[CI]6.6-15.9)和CBMN试验(OR22.7,95%CI10.3-49.9),暴露于农药的农村工人发生基因毒性变化的可能性更大.我们发现,职业接触农药的个体更有可能产生遗传毒性作用。这些发现有助于制定监测暴露于遗传毒性物质的人群的计划,并允许制定预防策略,control,和监测因职业和环境暴露于农药而产生的影响。
Brazil is one of the world\'s largest consumers of pesticides. This intense use impacts the environment and exposes a wide range of individuals to pesticides, including rural workers who are occupationally exposed and rural residents who are environmentally exposed. We aimed to evaluate the effects of occupational exposure to pesticides on the health of rural workers and rural residents. We conducted an epidemiological study with 104 farmers and 23 rural residents of Casimiro de Abreu (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil). A comparison group (urban residents) comprised 103 residents of the urban area of the same city. We determined the activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) using a modified version of Ellman\'s method to evaluate exposure. In addition, we performed genotoxic and mutagenic analyses with the comet assay and the cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay. There was a reduction in cholinesterase activity, mainly BChE, in rural workers and rural residents compared with urban residents (p = 0.002). There was an increase in genotoxic effects in rural workers compared with urban residents (comet assay, p < 0.001; CBMN assay, p < 0.001). In addition, there was a greater chance of genotoxic changes in rural workers exposed to pesticides based on the comet assay (odds ratio [OR] 7.6, 95 % confidence interval [CI] 6.6-15.9) and the CBMN assay (OR 22.7, 95 % CI 10.3-49.9). We found that individuals occupationally exposed to pesticides are more likely to have genotoxic effects. These findings are useful for the development of programs to monitor populations exposed to genotoxic substances and allow the development of strategies for the prevention, control, and surveillance of effects that result from occupational and environmental exposures to pesticides.