鸭甲型肝炎病毒1型(DHAV-1)感染所诱导的细胞因子风暴,埃及鸭业的快速死亡和经济损失。本研究旨在探讨姜黄和黑胡椒油纳米乳对雏鸭DHAV-1免疫应答和发病机制的潜在抑制作用。将来自未接种疫苗的育种者的105只小鸭分为5个实验组,每个包括21只鸟。阴性对照组(G1)保持未感染DHAV-1,未用纳米乳剂治疗,而阳性对照组(G2)感染DHAV-1,但未用纳米乳剂处理。其他2组(G3,未感染DHAV-1的补充组),和感染DHAV-1的组4(预防组G4)在整个实验中都接受纳米乳剂。第5组(G5,治疗组),另一方面,感染DHAV-1的患者仅从临床症状开始接受纳米乳剂。在5天大的时候,阳性对照小鸭(G2),预防性(G4),和治疗组(G5)感染DHAV-1。感染组的所有小鸭都表现出抑郁,厌食症,和opisthootonos,他们的肝脏表现出不同程度的瘀斑出血,肝脏肿大,和微观病理病变。值得注意的是,与使用纳米乳剂治疗的其他感染组相比,阳性对照组(G2)经历了最严重和最显著的影响.同时,与阳性对照组G2相比,用纳米乳剂(G4和G5)处理的感染雏鸭的肝组织中的病毒RNA载量较低.此外,纳米乳有效调节促炎细胞因子的表达,抗氧化酶,肝酶,和处理的鸭的脂质分布。总之,姜黄和黑胡椒油纳米乳有可能成为调节和调节免疫反应的治疗剂,减少DHAV-1诱导的细胞因子风暴,并将鸭业的死亡率和经济损失降至最低。需要更多的研究来了解姜黄和黑胡椒油纳米乳液如何缓解DHVA-1诱导的细胞因子风暴并降低小鸭死亡率。
The cytokine storm induced by duck hepatitis A virus type 1 (DHAV-1) infection significantly contributes to severe, rapid deaths and economic losses in the duck industry in Egypt. This study aimed to investigate the potential inhibitory effect of a nanoemulsion containing turmeric and black pepper oil on the immune response and pathogenesis of DHAV-1 in ducklings. A total of 105 ducklings from nonvaccinated breeders were divided into 5 experimental groups, each comprising 21 birds. The negative control group (G1) remained noninfected with DHAV-1 and nontreated with nanoemulsion, while the positive control group (G2) was infected with DHAV-1 but not treated with nanoemulsion. The other 2 groups (G3, the supplemented group which was noninfected with DHAV-1), and group 4 (the prophylactic group G4) which was infected with DHAV-1, both received nanoemulsion throughout the experiment. Group 5 (G5, the therapeutic group), on the other hand, which was infected with DHAV-1 received nanoemulsion only from the onset of clinical signs. At 5 days old, the ducklings in the positive control (G2), the prophylactic (G4), and the therapeutic group (G5) were infected with DHAV-1. All the ducklings in the infected groups exhibited depression, anorexia, and opisthotonos, and their livers displayed various degrees of ecchymotic hemorrhage, liver enlargement, and microscopic pathological lesions. Notably, the positive control group (G2) experienced the most severe and pronounced effects compared to the other infected groups treated with the nanoemulsion. Meanwhile, the viral RNA loads were lower in the liver tissues of the infected ducklings treated with the nanoemulsion (G4, and G5) compared to the positive control group G2. Additionally, the nanoemulsion effectively modulated proinflammatory cytokine expression, antioxidant enzymes, liver enzymes, and lipid profile of treated ducklings. In conclusion, the turmeric and black pepper oil nanoemulsion has the potential to be a therapeutic agent for regulating and modulating the immune response, decreasing DHAV-1-induced cytokine storms, and minimizing mortality and economic losses in the duck business. More research is needed to understand how turmeric and black pepper oil nanoemulsion alleviates DHVA-1-induced cytokine storms and lowers duckling mortality.